{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125713644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-026-11915-7","title":"Beam Squint Mitigation for Wideband Communications Systems: Aspects, Challenges, and Future Direction","display_name":"Beam Squint Mitigation for Wideband Communications Systems: Aspects, Challenges, and Future Direction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125713644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-026-11915-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11277-026-11915-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-026-11915-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010811055","display_name":"Marwah Abdulrazzaq Naser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-2759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["IQ","MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marwah Abdulrazzaq Naser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq","Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111324981","display_name":"Jit Singh Mandeep","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jit Singh Mandeep","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123848839","display_name":"Taha A. Elwi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taha A. Elwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Artificial Intelligence Engineering, College of Information Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Artificial Intelligence Engineering, College of Information Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123871363","display_name":"Mohamad A. Alawad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad A. Alawad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769040","display_name":"Md. Moinul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-6811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Tariqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010811055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706","https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07459723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"146","issue":"3","first_page":"1077","last_page":"1132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.766700029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.766700029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.09179999679327011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.0284000001847744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.792900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.40959998965263367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8072999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.792900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30436405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210973","display_name":"Cellular communication","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11277-026-11915-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-026-11915-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5182521939277649}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":209,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035300746","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2089074999","https://openalex.org/W2106833671","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2121607567","https://openalex.org/W2141632287","https://openalex.org/W2155674105","https://openalex.org/W2216668622","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2473653330","https://openalex.org/W2494799168","https://openalex.org/W2547659968","https://openalex.org/W2550516466","https://openalex.org/W2613863150","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W2730027154","https://openalex.org/W2782637457","https://openalex.org/W2789858519","https://openalex.org/W2795884253","https://openalex.org/W2804417686","https://openalex.org/W2888283726","https://openalex.org/W2889503892","https://openalex.org/W2899170228","https://openalex.org/W2900752642","https://openalex.org/W2903359031","https://openalex.org/W2946267042","https://openalex.org/W2962703830","https://openalex.org/W2963290381","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2968158393","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2973818893","https://openalex.org/W2974506621","https://openalex.org/W2979329024","https://openalex.org/W2982280489","https://openalex.org/W2982316969","https://openalex.org/W2983783466","https://openalex.org/W2986108879","https://openalex.org/W2989714518","https://openalex.org/W3005125728","https://openalex.org/W3008131863","https://openalex.org/W3010025739","https://openalex.org/W3010321306","https://openalex.org/W3013945510","https://openalex.org/W3014787243","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3035267446","https://openalex.org/W3035629103","https://openalex.org/W3039789048","https://openalex.org/W3102971715","https://openalex.org/W3109361739","https://openalex.org/W3122155330","https://openalex.org/W3124052441","https://openalex.org/W3126485115","https://openalex.org/W3131417164","https://openalex.org/W3135884249","https://openalex.org/W3139890857","https://openalex.org/W3154003107","https://openalex.org/W3154707999","https://openalex.org/W3155632926","https://openalex.org/W3157026814","https://openalex.org/W3157341840","https://openalex.org/W3159340208","https://openalex.org/W3159504645","https://openalex.org/W3175667407","https://openalex.org/W3176327693","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3198333195","https://openalex.org/W3211304744","https://openalex.org/W3213791921","https://openalex.org/W3213991726","https://openalex.org/W4205654024","https://openalex.org/W4205751049","https://openalex.org/W4206672082","https://openalex.org/W4210498996","https://openalex.org/W4211128136","https://openalex.org/W4214926958","https://openalex.org/W4220794656","https://openalex.org/W4221080903","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4226403506","https://openalex.org/W4285276822","https://openalex.org/W4285814942","https://openalex.org/W4290996574","https://openalex.org/W4293768949","https://openalex.org/W4296425646","https://openalex.org/W4306946231","https://openalex.org/W4309270129","https://openalex.org/W4312196703","https://openalex.org/W4316038623","https://openalex.org/W4316661277","https://openalex.org/W4317418690","https://openalex.org/W4317419739","https://openalex.org/W4318602346","https://openalex.org/W4319068858","https://openalex.org/W4319341813","https://openalex.org/W4323345758","https://openalex.org/W4323644342","https://openalex.org/W4323663802","https://openalex.org/W4323897318","https://openalex.org/W4361988727","https://openalex.org/W4362500888","https://openalex.org/W4362714411","https://openalex.org/W4377224410","https://openalex.org/W4377235539","https://openalex.org/W4383899759","https://openalex.org/W4384789563","https://openalex.org/W4385489017","https://openalex.org/W4386065783","https://openalex.org/W4386536198","https://openalex.org/W4386869648","https://openalex.org/W4386902906","https://openalex.org/W4387068130","https://openalex.org/W4387100077","https://openalex.org/W4387303220","https://openalex.org/W4387870639","https://openalex.org/W4387917999","https://openalex.org/W4387934933","https://openalex.org/W4388017411","https://openalex.org/W4388145588","https://openalex.org/W4388505226","https://openalex.org/W4388579543","https://openalex.org/W4388878489","https://openalex.org/W4388968007","https://openalex.org/W4389403254","https://openalex.org/W4389610147","https://openalex.org/W4390576635","https://openalex.org/W4390577869","https://openalex.org/W4390873721","https://openalex.org/W4391407048","https://openalex.org/W4391547876","https://openalex.org/W4392011394","https://openalex.org/W4392061720","https://openalex.org/W4392397234","https://openalex.org/W4392405863","https://openalex.org/W4392796962","https://openalex.org/W4392843728","https://openalex.org/W4392980168","https://openalex.org/W4393305224","https://openalex.org/W4394586155","https://openalex.org/W4394789702","https://openalex.org/W4394811136","https://openalex.org/W4397026247","https://openalex.org/W4398783174","https://openalex.org/W4399118807","https://openalex.org/W4399321851","https://openalex.org/W4399620996","https://openalex.org/W4399769335","https://openalex.org/W4400070760","https://openalex.org/W4400314761","https://openalex.org/W4400351801","https://openalex.org/W4401326144","https://openalex.org/W4401358046","https://openalex.org/W4401379999","https://openalex.org/W4402170632","https://openalex.org/W4402257768","https://openalex.org/W4402630616","https://openalex.org/W4402794545","https://openalex.org/W4402915523","https://openalex.org/W4403421240","https://openalex.org/W4403917840","https://openalex.org/W4405231909","https://openalex.org/W4405232174","https://openalex.org/W4405241919","https://openalex.org/W4405490773","https://openalex.org/W4405907106","https://openalex.org/W4406014376","https://openalex.org/W4406356012","https://openalex.org/W4406611005","https://openalex.org/W4406982837","https://openalex.org/W4407404501","https://openalex.org/W4407477377","https://openalex.org/W4407638982","https://openalex.org/W4407787542","https://openalex.org/W4407788113","https://openalex.org/W4407948654","https://openalex.org/W4408153071","https://openalex.org/W4408280521","https://openalex.org/W4408354322","https://openalex.org/W4408564358","https://openalex.org/W4408609872","https://openalex.org/W4408727438","https://openalex.org/W4408840808","https://openalex.org/W4409080145","https://openalex.org/W4409474529","https://openalex.org/W4409494040","https://openalex.org/W4410228499","https://openalex.org/W4410295616","https://openalex.org/W4410581947","https://openalex.org/W4410808571","https://openalex.org/W4410949574","https://openalex.org/W4411639986","https://openalex.org/W4411798859","https://openalex.org/W4412352609","https://openalex.org/W4412353342","https://openalex.org/W4412623632","https://openalex.org/W4413017625","https://openalex.org/W4413140336","https://openalex.org/W4413149412","https://openalex.org/W4413344117","https://openalex.org/W4413553556","https://openalex.org/W4413785494","https://openalex.org/W4414646978","https://openalex.org/W7076051551","https://openalex.org/W7084040939"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-01-27T00:00:00"}