{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400292687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7","title":"ABCNN-IDS: Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Intrusion Detection in IoT Networks","display_name":"ABCNN-IDS: Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Intrusion Detection in IoT Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400292687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079949536","display_name":"Asadullah Momand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I868834043","display_name":"University of the West of Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3d2v20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asadullah Momand","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048418386","display_name":"Sana Ullah Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-4719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sana Ullah Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080291510","display_name":"Naeem Ramzan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5088-1462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I868834043","display_name":"University of the West of Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3d2v20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naeem Ramzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080291510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":8.583,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.983411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"136","issue":"4","first_page":"1981","last_page":"2003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.914231538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7306931018829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6113153696060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.5737355351448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5298155546188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5241601467132568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.5164556503295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5037025809288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.49105358123779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4834228754043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4769943356513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4194890856742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.41299179196357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3363242447376251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.914231538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7306931018829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6113153696060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5737355351448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5298155546188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5241601467132568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.5164556503295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5037025809288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.49105358123779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4834228754043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4769943356513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4194890856742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.41299179196357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3363242447376251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a89adec1-07d2-4a33-a01e-d5289068979d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-portal.uws.ac.uk/en/publications/a89adec1-07d2-4a33-a01e-d5289068979d","pdf_url":"https://myresearchspace.uws.ac.uk/ws/files/51569792/2024_05_25_Momand_et_al_Attention_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402572","display_name":"The UWS Academic Portal (University of the West of Scotland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I868834043","host_organization_name":"University of the West of Scotland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Momand, A, Jan, S U & Ramzan, N 2024, 'ABCNN-IDS : attention-based convolutional neural network for intrusion detection in IoT networks', Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 136, pp. 1981-2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11277-024-11260-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400292687.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2778936354","https://openalex.org/W2895331519","https://openalex.org/W2904573081","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2980576170","https://openalex.org/W3022604549","https://openalex.org/W3025255083","https://openalex.org/W3034175800","https://openalex.org/W3043530913","https://openalex.org/W3085955590","https://openalex.org/W3149333162","https://openalex.org/W3165422394","https://openalex.org/W3171364527","https://openalex.org/W3195971125","https://openalex.org/W3202760407","https://openalex.org/W3204162860","https://openalex.org/W4211134207","https://openalex.org/W4212986808","https://openalex.org/W4214590076","https://openalex.org/W4220969579","https://openalex.org/W4225674205","https://openalex.org/W4226319939","https://openalex.org/W4235352315","https://openalex.org/W4280523910","https://openalex.org/W4281252868","https://openalex.org/W4281295043","https://openalex.org/W4282834512","https://openalex.org/W4283738204","https://openalex.org/W4296268039","https://openalex.org/W4308408563","https://openalex.org/W4309947319","https://openalex.org/W4313654696","https://openalex.org/W4315783030","https://openalex.org/W4318148743","https://openalex.org/W4318337972","https://openalex.org/W4318486183","https://openalex.org/W4318953185","https://openalex.org/W4319066581","https://openalex.org/W4319878479","https://openalex.org/W4321016094","https://openalex.org/W4321020904","https://openalex.org/W4321021758","https://openalex.org/W4321769964","https://openalex.org/W4323034524","https://openalex.org/W4323338365","https://openalex.org/W4328051124","https://openalex.org/W4361206176","https://openalex.org/W4367627197","https://openalex.org/W4377141523","https://openalex.org/W4380682492","https://openalex.org/W4380880408","https://openalex.org/W4387662349","https://openalex.org/W4387682168","https://openalex.org/W6888465125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W4367460280","https://openalex.org/W4387490204","https://openalex.org/W4386414453","https://openalex.org/W4388937883","https://openalex.org/W4389848424","https://openalex.org/W4293205612","https://openalex.org/W4352976590","https://openalex.org/W4401011972","https://openalex.org/W4385349203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"proposes":[3],"an":[4,23,156],"attention-based":[5],"convolutional":[6],"neural":[7],"network":[8],"(ABCNN)":[9],"for":[10,32,166],"intrusion":[11],"detection":[12],"in":[13,28,45],"the":[14,29,36,39,46,51,61,68,74,79,83,86,91,94,99,109,126,129,152],"Internet":[15],"of":[16,85,93,108,128,159],"Things":[17],"(IoT).":[18],"The":[19,106,144],"proposed":[20,110,130,145],"ABCNN":[21,47,95],"employs":[22],"attention":[24],"mechanism":[25],"that":[26],"aids":[27],"learning":[30],"process":[31],"low-instance":[33],"classes.":[34],"On":[35],"other":[37,167,180],"hand,":[38],"Convolutional":[40],"Neural":[41],"Network":[42],"(CNN)":[43],"employed":[44,66],"framework":[48],"converges":[49],"toward":[50],"most":[52,75],"important":[53],"parameters":[54],"and":[55,103,123,137,175,182],"effectively":[56],"detects":[57],"malicious":[58],"activities.":[59],"Furthermore,":[60,161],"mutual":[62],"information":[63],"technique":[64],"is":[65],"during":[67],"pre-processing":[69],"stage":[70],"to":[71,134,140],"filter":[72],"out":[73],"significant":[76],"features":[77],"from":[78],"datasets,":[80,154],"thereby":[81],"improving":[82],"effectiveness":[84,92],"ABCN":[87],"model.":[88],"To":[89],"assess":[90],"approach,":[96],"we":[97],"utilized":[98,153],"Edge-IoTset,":[100],"IoTID20,":[101],"ToN_IoT,":[102],"CIC-IDS2017":[104],"datasets.":[105],"performance":[107,127,149],"architecture":[111],"was":[112,132],"assessed":[113],"using":[114],"various":[115],"evaluation":[116,168],"metrics,":[117,169],"such":[118],"as":[119],"precision,":[120,172],"recall,":[121,174],"F1-score,":[122,177],"accuracy.":[124],"Additionally,":[125],"model":[131,146],"compared":[133],"multiple":[135],"ML":[136,181],"DL":[138,183],"methods":[139],"evaluate":[141],"its":[142],"effectiveness.":[143],"exhibited":[147],"impressive":[148],"on":[150],"all":[151],"achieving":[155],"average":[157],"accuracy":[158],"99.81%.":[160],"it":[162],"demonstrated":[163],"excellent":[164],"scores":[165],"including":[170],"98.02%":[171],"98.18%":[173],"98.08%":[176],"which":[178],"outperformed":[179],"models.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
