{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131650445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","title":"Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Based Face Recognition Techniques","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Based Face Recognition Techniques","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131650445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","mag":"3131650445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024150368","display_name":"Sahil Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-4929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahil Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113696439","display_name":"Vijay Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1376-213X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36909309","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Hamirpur","ror":"https://ror.org/01nc8zs04","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36909309","https://openalex.org/I4210152752"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36909309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113696439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36909309"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.7618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6918188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"118","issue":"4","first_page":"3403","last_page":"3433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8660730123519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.812816858291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7732541561126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5720365047454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5718845129013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5705628991127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5587431788444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5539216995239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.510503888130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4853581488132477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.37306445837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3467748165130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2455451488494873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8660730123519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.812816858291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7732541561126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5720365047454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5718845129013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5705628991127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5587431788444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5539216995239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.510503888130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4853581488132477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.37306445837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3467748165130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2455451488494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08186-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W820315868","https://openalex.org/W1498305593","https://openalex.org/W1523271034","https://openalex.org/W1532692498","https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1566413196","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1657060916","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1973192023","https://openalex.org/W1973965874","https://openalex.org/W1986490585","https://openalex.org/W1987724899","https://openalex.org/W1990748933","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W1996118086","https://openalex.org/W1998071721","https://openalex.org/W2009207424","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2046286451","https://openalex.org/W2047549580","https://openalex.org/W2070870580","https://openalex.org/W2073942619","https://openalex.org/W2074087266","https://openalex.org/W2096142234","https://openalex.org/W2096635897","https://openalex.org/W2117478708","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2122239827","https://openalex.org/W2128420091","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2144935315","https://openalex.org/W2148763637","https://openalex.org/W2150796457","https://openalex.org/W2151973236","https://openalex.org/W2161707015","https://openalex.org/W2161877343","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2167154287","https://openalex.org/W2401462820","https://openalex.org/W2514363808","https://openalex.org/W2528191440","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2595697910","https://openalex.org/W2626843741","https://openalex.org/W2778699319","https://openalex.org/W2788741149","https://openalex.org/W2792196801","https://openalex.org/W2808846139","https://openalex.org/W2890596474","https://openalex.org/W2891415269","https://openalex.org/W2940483533","https://openalex.org/W2951134183","https://openalex.org/W2954609848","https://openalex.org/W2970255644","https://openalex.org/W2980021072","https://openalex.org/W3006483102","https://openalex.org/W3034256900","https://openalex.org/W3043562661","https://openalex.org/W3110182042","https://openalex.org/W3115356954","https://openalex.org/W3193477162","https://openalex.org/W4302190632","https://openalex.org/W6600018615","https://openalex.org/W6632075054","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W6680962578","https://openalex.org/W6821113053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W200201533","https://openalex.org/W4171918","https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,85,105],"robustness":[1],"of":[2,15,62,75,99],"machine-learning":[3],"model-based":[4],"face":[5,22,35,40,64,76,93,103,114],"recognition":[6,23,36,41,65,77,83,115],"techniques":[7,24,66,78],"to":[8,46],"image":[9,49,70,122,126],"processing":[10,50,71,123,127],"attacks":[11,128],"using":[12],"the":[13,55,110],"quantization":[14],"extracted":[16],"features":[17],"is":[18],"presented.":[19,134],"Recently":[20],"developed":[21],"based":[25],"on":[26,67,82,90],"machine":[27],"learning":[28],"models":[29],"have":[30,129],"been":[31,80,88,130],"outperformed":[32],"over":[33],"traditional":[34],"techniques.":[37],"An":[38],"efficient":[39],"technology":[42],"should":[43],"be":[44],"able":[45],"resist":[47],"various":[48],"attacks.":[51,72,124],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"simulation":[56],"results":[57,107],"by":[58],"evaluating":[59],"ten":[60,68],"variants":[61],"machine-learning-based":[63],"well-known":[69,92],"quality":[74],"has":[79,87,117],"assessed":[81],"accuracy.":[84],"performance":[86],"evaluated":[89],"two":[91],"databases":[94],"viz.":[95],"Bosphorus":[96],"and":[97,133],"University":[98],"Milano":[100],"Bicocca":[101],"(UMB)":[102],"database.":[104],"experimental":[106],"reveal":[108],"that":[109],"Subspace":[111],"discriminant":[112],"ensemble-based":[113],"model":[116],"consistently":[118],"performed":[119],"in":[120],"most":[121],"All":[125],"visually":[131],"verified":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
