{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130332618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02782-7","title":"B$$^{3}$$CT: Three-Branch Learning with Unlabeled Target Signals for Domain-Robust Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"B$$^{3}$$CT: Three-Branch Learning with Unlabeled Target Signals for Domain-Robust Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130332618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02782-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-026-02782-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02782-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126342298","display_name":"Chen Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China","School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7660-9897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7660-9897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080008403","display_name":"Jian Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-0699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126353644","display_name":"Junyan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802355861","display_name":"Australian Institute of Business","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf5jq34","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802355861"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Institute for Machine Learning, The University of Adelaide, AIML Building, Lot Fourteen, Cnr North Terrace & Frome Road, Adelaide, 5000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Institute for Machine Learning, The University of Adelaide, AIML Building, Lot Fourteen, Cnr North Terrace & Frome Road, Adelaide, 5000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802355861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126355548","display_name":"Lijun Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111784","display_name":"Cell Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01txhcw25","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111784"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Jiyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd., No. 59 Meilan East Road, Taizhou, 610101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Jiyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd., No. 59 Meilan East Road, Taizhou, 610101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126329908","display_name":"Jianguo Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weihua Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Building 9, Area 4, Wangjing East Garden, Beijing, 100006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Building 9, Area 4, Wangjing East Garden, Beijing, 100006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872","https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16543618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"134","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.11089999973773956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6812999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6146000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5353000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8348000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6978999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6812999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6146000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5353000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45719999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-026-02782-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02782-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.43585100769996643,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2431874326","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2798681837","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2895281799","https://openalex.org/W2895340641","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073217","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963107255","https://openalex.org/W2963481481","https://openalex.org/W2969893028","https://openalex.org/W2972285644","https://openalex.org/W2978573218","https://openalex.org/W2985406498","https://openalex.org/W3035236545","https://openalex.org/W3107909383","https://openalex.org/W3108566666","https://openalex.org/W3109301572","https://openalex.org/W3114677757","https://openalex.org/W3119635706","https://openalex.org/W3120800376","https://openalex.org/W3120804725","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3151130473","https://openalex.org/W3175294391","https://openalex.org/W3175308890","https://openalex.org/W3176820334","https://openalex.org/W3194026270","https://openalex.org/W3202115483","https://openalex.org/W3202422321","https://openalex.org/W3203755984","https://openalex.org/W3204469733","https://openalex.org/W3217147624","https://openalex.org/W4213455934","https://openalex.org/W4229723800","https://openalex.org/W4312768455","https://openalex.org/W4386047746","https://openalex.org/W4386075540","https://openalex.org/W4386075777","https://openalex.org/W4386076346","https://openalex.org/W4386076485","https://openalex.org/W4386076548","https://openalex.org/W4387546260","https://openalex.org/W4388430511","https://openalex.org/W4389665127","https://openalex.org/W4389988079","https://openalex.org/W4390489059","https://openalex.org/W4390871827","https://openalex.org/W4390871905"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-19T06:31:58.851227","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}