{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134130545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4","title":"Graph in Graph Neural Network","display_name":"Graph in Graph Neural Network","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134130545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060008755","display_name":"Jiongshu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiongshu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PY, Devon, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PY, Devon, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128297195","display_name":"Jing Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128318785","display_name":"Jiankang Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiankang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128316211","display_name":"Hatice Gunes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatice Gunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128325585","display_name":"Siyang Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom","Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PY, Devon, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PY, Devon, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128325585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803","https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19683416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"134","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.06589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.0608999989926815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-set","display_name":"Independent set","score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-decomposition","display_name":"Modular decomposition","score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercube-graph","display_name":"Hypercube graph","score":0.30000001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5882999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122818955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060343","display_name":"Independent set","level":3,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187407849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889712","display_name":"Modular decomposition","level":5,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80763892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958394","display_name":"Hypercube graph","level":5,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176225458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595971","display_name":"Graph database","level":3,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54385418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2742711","display_name":"Distance","level":4,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11263-026-02731-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7134130545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7134130545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027482274","https://openalex.org/W2092750499","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2510185399","https://openalex.org/W2600702321","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2606202972","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2788359323","https://openalex.org/W2806331055","https://openalex.org/W2899922526","https://openalex.org/W2901504064","https://openalex.org/W2911286998","https://openalex.org/W2931364255","https://openalex.org/W2940457086","https://openalex.org/W2948246283","https://openalex.org/W2950697450","https://openalex.org/W2962810718","https://openalex.org/W2963076818","https://openalex.org/W2963649796","https://openalex.org/W2964134613","https://openalex.org/W2965341826","https://openalex.org/W2965857891","https://openalex.org/W2966357564","https://openalex.org/W2966797369","https://openalex.org/W2973006577","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2997992893","https://openalex.org/W2998313947","https://openalex.org/W3034999503","https://openalex.org/W3035050855","https://openalex.org/W3035225512","https://openalex.org/W3045200674","https://openalex.org/W3087257704","https://openalex.org/W3093411241","https://openalex.org/W3096631876","https://openalex.org/W3098881736","https://openalex.org/W3108496296","https://openalex.org/W3113067059","https://openalex.org/W3135674174","https://openalex.org/W3153673236","https://openalex.org/W3153992652","https://openalex.org/W3179205840","https://openalex.org/W3192591090","https://openalex.org/W3203634062","https://openalex.org/W3217566130","https://openalex.org/W4214510096","https://openalex.org/W4285414370","https://openalex.org/W4285601347","https://openalex.org/W4287027946","https://openalex.org/W4293107948","https://openalex.org/W4309490634","https://openalex.org/W4312252283","https://openalex.org/W4312345918","https://openalex.org/W4312410594","https://openalex.org/W4312593542","https://openalex.org/W4312757522","https://openalex.org/W4319160673","https://openalex.org/W4321227311","https://openalex.org/W4386138397","https://openalex.org/W4387221597","https://openalex.org/W4387846585","https://openalex.org/W4390395706","https://openalex.org/W4390871806","https://openalex.org/W4390938782","https://openalex.org/W4391613588","https://openalex.org/W4392904372","https://openalex.org/W4393159841","https://openalex.org/W4400062066","https://openalex.org/W4402715858","https://openalex.org/W4402716140","https://openalex.org/W4404439889"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Existing":[1],"Graph":[2,41,43],"Neural":[3,44],"Networks":[4],"(GNNs)":[5],"are":[6,57,119],"limited":[7,24],"to":[8,28],"process":[9,49],"graphs":[10,66,80,157],"each":[11,106,122,184],"of":[12,65,79,115,237],"whose":[13,55,71],"vertices":[14,56,161,170,192],"is":[15,243],"represented":[16,59,75],"by":[17,60,76],"a":[18,21,37,63,68,77,90,101,110,113,126,148],"vector":[19],"or":[20,67],"single":[22],"value,":[23],"their":[25,164],"representing":[26],"capability":[27],"describe":[29],"complex":[30],"objects.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35],"propose":[36],"novel":[38],"GNN":[39],"(called":[40,52,81],"in":[42,137,158,183],"(GIG)":[45],"Network)":[46],"which":[47,96,228],"can":[48,73],"graph-style":[50],"data":[51,69,83,220],"GIG":[53,86,91,102,107,116,127,139,150,160,169,185,191,204],"sample)":[54],"further":[58],"graphs.":[61],"Given":[62],"set":[64,78,114],"sample":[70,92,103,151],"components":[72],"be":[74,194],"multi-graph":[82,219],"sample),":[84],"our":[85,203],"network":[87,205],"starts":[88],"with":[89,121],"generation":[93],"(GSG)":[94],"module":[95,131,154],"encodes":[97],"the":[98,135,167,180,188,230],"input":[99],"as":[100],",":[104],"where":[105],"vertex":[108,140,186],"includes":[109],"graph.":[111],"Then,":[112],"hidden":[117],"layers":[118],"stacked,":[120],"consisting":[123],"of:":[124],"(1)":[125],"vertex-level":[128],"updating":[129,152],"(GVU)":[130],"that":[132,155,202],"individually":[133],"updates":[134,156],"graph":[136,181,213],"every":[138],"based":[141,162],"on":[142,163,234],"its":[143],"internal":[144,177],"information;":[145],"and":[146,187],"(2)":[147],"global-level":[149],"(GGU)":[153],"all":[159],"relationships,":[165],"making":[166],"updated":[168],"become":[171],"global":[172],"context-aware.":[173],"This":[174],"way,":[175],"both":[176],"cues":[178],"within":[179],"contained":[182],"relationships":[189],"among":[190],"could":[193],"utilized":[195],"for":[196,208],"down-stream":[197],"tasks.":[198],"Experimental":[199],"results":[200,233],"demonstrate":[201],"generalizes":[206],"well":[207],"not":[209],"only":[210],"various":[211],"generic":[212],"analysis":[214,221],"tasks":[215],"but":[216],"also":[217],"real-world":[218],"(e.g.,":[222],"human":[223],"skeleton":[224],"video-based":[225],"action":[226],"recognition),":[227],"achieved":[229],"new":[231],"state-of-the-art":[232],"15":[235],"out":[236],"16":[238],"evaluated":[239],"datasets.":[240],"Our":[241],"code":[242],"publicly":[244],"available":[245],"at":[246],"https://github.com/wangjs96/Graph-in-Graph-Neural-Network":[247],".":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2026-03-08T00:00:00"}