{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408051660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8","title":"LMD: Light-Weight Prediction Quality Estimation for Object Detection in Lidar Point Clouds","display_name":"LMD: Light-Weight Prediction Quality Estimation for Object Detection in Lidar Point Clouds","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408051660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017760654","display_name":"Tobias Riedlinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-8607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Riedlinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 136, 10623, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 136, 10623, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028586330","display_name":"Marius Schubert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9410-8949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Schubert","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089896637","display_name":"Sarina Penquitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-0931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarina Penquitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092172035","display_name":"Jan-Marcel Kezmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Marcel Kezmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054573957","display_name":"Pascal Colling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-1786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130520","display_name":"Aptiv (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039sb8791","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107152","https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Colling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088264517","display_name":"Karsten Kahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karsten Kahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089513716","display_name":"Lutz Roese-Koerner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130520","display_name":"Aptiv (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039sb8791","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107152","https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lutz Roese-Koerner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102965438","display_name":"Matthew Arnold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-4578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130520","display_name":"Aptiv (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039sb8791","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107152","https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Arnold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112937244","display_name":"Urs Zimmermann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130520","display_name":"Aptiv (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039sb8791","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107152","https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urs Zimmermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aptiv Services Deutschland GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080542566","display_name":"Matthias Rottmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3840-0184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Rottmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IZMD, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstra\u00dfe 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017760654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"fwci":1.3691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78240638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"133","issue":"7","first_page":"4349","last_page":"4365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6482245922088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6359376907348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.593158483505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5569509863853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5270816683769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5102791786193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4937761723995209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.48203814029693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46907657384872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46669939160346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3597385883331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.273870587348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26554298400878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06279385089874268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6482245922088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6359376907348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.593158483505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5569509863853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5270816683769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5102791786193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4937761723995209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.48203814029693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46907657384872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46669939160346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3597385883331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.273870587348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26554298400878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06279385089874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11263-025-02377-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3799525793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1IS22069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G462639293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EFRE-0400216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329558","funder_display_name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft, Innovation, Digitalisierung und Energie des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329558","display_name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft, Innovation, Digitalisierung und Energie des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen","ror":"https://ror.org/026y2cn83"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408051660.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549656520","https://openalex.org/W1598033630","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W2012942264","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2254249950","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2319168310","https://openalex.org/W2798965597","https://openalex.org/W2889326414","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2908048420","https://openalex.org/W2963120444","https://openalex.org/W2963167203","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2970594690","https://openalex.org/W2970624554","https://openalex.org/W3014596384","https://openalex.org/W3021332602","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3036754962","https://openalex.org/W3090238777","https://openalex.org/W3109915642","https://openalex.org/W3129901004","https://openalex.org/W3134774296","https://openalex.org/W3167095230","https://openalex.org/W3175233244","https://openalex.org/W3177724741","https://openalex.org/W3178946670","https://openalex.org/W3201301682","https://openalex.org/W3207167647","https://openalex.org/W4205720036","https://openalex.org/W4285813098","https://openalex.org/W4383108597","https://openalex.org/W4385835750","https://openalex.org/W4388152645","https://openalex.org/W4392552177","https://openalex.org/W4401417359","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W7033299797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4406302447","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W4292830139","https://openalex.org/W4319309705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Object":[1],"detection":[2,156,181],"on":[3,70,122],"Lidar":[4,108],"point":[5],"cloud":[6],"data":[7],"is":[8,33,119],"a":[9,20,34,91,128,135,188],"promising":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12,37,47,55,95,201],"autonomous":[13],"driving":[14],"and":[15,25,40,118,170,187,206],"robotics":[16],"which":[17,73],"has":[18],"seen":[19],"significant":[21,136],"rise":[22],"in":[23,75,141,225],"performance":[24,157],"accuracy":[26],"during":[27],"recent":[28],"years.":[29],"Particularly":[30],"uncertainty":[31,58],"estimation":[32],"crucial":[35],"component":[36],"down-stream":[38],"tasks":[39],"deep":[41],"neural":[42],"networks":[43],"remain":[44],"error-prone":[45],"even":[46],"predictions":[48],"with":[49],"high":[50],"confidence.":[51],"Previously":[52],"proposed":[53],"methods":[54],"quantifying":[56],"prediction":[57,71,96],"tend":[59],"to":[60,82,105,127,154,164,179],"alter":[61],"the":[62,66,115,160,165,180,196,209,217],"training":[63],"scheme":[64,94],"of":[65,138,175,182,191,198,216,221],"detector":[67,110],"or":[68],"rely":[69],"sampling":[72],"results":[74],"vastly":[76],"increased":[77],"inference":[78],"time.":[79],"In":[80],"order":[81],"address":[83],"these":[84],"two":[85],"issues,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88,169],"LidarMetaDetect":[89],"(LMD),":[90],"light-weight":[92],"post-processing":[93],"quality":[97],"estimation.":[98],"Our":[99,132],"method":[100,177,200,223],"can":[101],"easily":[102],"be":[103],"added":[104],"any":[106],"pre-trained":[107],"object":[109,155,166],"without":[111],"altering":[112],"anything":[113],"about":[114],"base":[116],"model":[117],"purely":[120],"based":[121],"post-processing,":[123],"therefore,":[124],"only":[125],"leading":[126,178],"negligible":[129],"computational":[130],"overhead.":[131],"experiments":[133],"show":[134,148],"increase":[137],"statistical":[139],"reliability":[140],"separating":[142],"true":[143],"from":[144],"false":[145],"predictions.":[146],"We":[147,168],"that":[149],"this":[150],"improvement":[151],"carries":[152],"over":[153],"when":[158],"replacing":[159],"objectness":[161],"score":[162],"native":[163],"detector.":[167],"evaluate":[171],"an":[172],"additional":[173],"application":[174],"our":[176,199,222],"annotation":[183,192],"errors.":[184],"Explicit":[185],"samples":[186],"conservative":[189],"count":[190],"error":[193],"proposals":[194,220],"indicates":[195],"viability":[197],"large-scale":[202],"datasets":[203],"like":[204],"KITTI":[205],"nuScenes.":[207],"On":[208],"widely-used":[210],"nuScenes":[211],"test":[212],"dataset,":[213],"43":[214],"out":[215],"top":[218],"100":[219],"indicate,":[224],"fact,":[226],"erroneous":[227],"annotations.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}