{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916199694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01159-3","title":"Single-Shot Scale-Aware Network for Real-Time Face Detection","display_name":"Single-Shot Scale-Aware Network for Real-Time Face Detection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916199694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01159-3","mag":"2916199694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-019-01159-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01159-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757125","display_name":"Shifeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-9566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shifeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CBSR & NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CBSR & NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018942445","display_name":"Longyin Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-492X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longyin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD Digits, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD Digits, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086834120","display_name":"Hailin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-2683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD AI Research, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD AI Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109299788","display_name":"Zhen Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["CBSR & NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CBSR & NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023752172","display_name":"Siwei Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082786719","display_name":"Stan Z. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stan Z. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CBSR & NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CBSR & NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100757125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95444299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"127","issue":"6-7","first_page":"537","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8280879259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6875773668289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6437401175498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5858973264694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5743157267570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.5350701808929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.516107439994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5039564967155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4907442331314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.4836915135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4784167408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4389735460281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4145634174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.41157665848731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40105539560317993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8280879259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6875773668289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6437401175498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5858973264694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5743157267570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5350701808929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.516107439994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5039564967155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4907442331314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.4836915135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4784167408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4389735460281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4145634174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.41157665848731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40105539560317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-019-01159-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01159-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2826534921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806196","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4879398371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6979566307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473291","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W182571476","https://openalex.org/W345900524","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W799206314","https://openalex.org/W1487583988","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1709548961","https://openalex.org/W1817277359","https://openalex.org/W1818102884","https://openalex.org/W1832500336","https://openalex.org/W1849007038","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W1932624639","https://openalex.org/W1934410531","https://openalex.org/W1966822758","https://openalex.org/W1970456555","https://openalex.org/W1984525543","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2015268479","https://openalex.org/W2034025266","https://openalex.org/W2041497292","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2056025798","https://openalex.org/W2068730032","https://openalex.org/W2086274040","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2100807570","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118373237","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2197846500","https://openalex.org/W2200108381","https://openalex.org/W2209882149","https://openalex.org/W2247274765","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2290180618","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2417750831","https://openalex.org/W2432917172","https://openalex.org/W2473640056","https://openalex.org/W2477332545","https://openalex.org/W2490270993","https://openalex.org/W2495387757","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2519205375","https://openalex.org/W2520951797","https://openalex.org/W2528303662","https://openalex.org/W2556967412","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2572745118","https://openalex.org/W2578555672","https://openalex.org/W2579152745","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2585123518","https://openalex.org/W2606816849","https://openalex.org/W2607037079","https://openalex.org/W2623177501","https://openalex.org/W2739722733","https://openalex.org/W2754700116","https://openalex.org/W2755653899","https://openalex.org/W2769576731","https://openalex.org/W2778476852","https://openalex.org/W2949194345","https://openalex.org/W2951433694","https://openalex.org/W2952671661","https://openalex.org/W2953390309","https://openalex.org/W2962917547","https://openalex.org/W2962992847","https://openalex.org/W2963011882","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963068995","https://openalex.org/W2963307811","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2963542991","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963689346","https://openalex.org/W2963786238","https://openalex.org/W2963813458","https://openalex.org/W2964095005","https://openalex.org/W2964209717","https://openalex.org/W2964325361","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3098090606","https://openalex.org/W3098722327","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6638480814","https://openalex.org/W6687608003","https://openalex.org/W6718670374","https://openalex.org/W6731892127","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6738882898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003276812","https://openalex.org/W2050762184","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W325114128"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}