{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2616647973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","title":"Auto-Calibrated Gaze Estimation Using Human Gaze Patterns","display_name":"Auto-Calibrated Gaze Estimation Using Human Gaze Patterns","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2616647973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","mag":"2616647973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11263-017-1014-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11263-017-1014-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040564392","display_name":"Fares Alnajar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fares Alnajar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040169071","display_name":"Theo Gevers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-5492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theo Gevers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038280590","display_name":"Roberto Valenti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-4092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Valenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009260617","display_name":"S. Ghebreab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5788-4635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13089092","display_name":"Amsterdam University College","ror":"https://ror.org/03dpjfc73","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13089092"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sennay Ghebreab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13089092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040564392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"fwci":1.7382,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84627297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"124","issue":"2","first_page":"223","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.9160568714141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7786650657653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7401241064071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7378939986228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5484243035316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.4863213002681732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chin","display_name":"Chin","score":0.4592682123184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21941739320755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07355618476867676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.9160568714141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7786650657653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7401241064071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7378939986228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5484243035316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.4863213002681732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779881321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82714","display_name":"Chin","level":2,"score":0.4592682123184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21941739320755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07355618476867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11263-017-1014-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire/203a829f-4940-45b9-86b7-013a4708fa22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/autocalibrated-gaze-estimation-using-human-gaze-patterns(203a829f-4940-45b9-86b7-013a4708fa22).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alnajar, F, Gevers, T, Valenti, R & Ghebreab, S 2017, 'Auto-Calibrated Gaze Estimation Using Human Gaze Patterns', International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/203a829f-4940-45b9-86b7-013a4708fa22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/203a829f-4940-45b9-86b7-013a4708fa22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Alnajar, F, Gevers, T, Valenti, R & Ghebreab, S 2017, 'Auto-Calibrated Gaze Estimation Using Human Gaze Patterns', International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-017-1014-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11263-017-1014-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321008","display_name":"Universiteit van Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2616647973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2616647973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510835000","https://openalex.org/W1855869282","https://openalex.org/W1946259682","https://openalex.org/W1982794901","https://openalex.org/W1988445395","https://openalex.org/W1995694455","https://openalex.org/W1999601189","https://openalex.org/W2009763810","https://openalex.org/W2029661329","https://openalex.org/W2031781307","https://openalex.org/W2034382626","https://openalex.org/W2043033468","https://openalex.org/W2047432610","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2069631400","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2111222003","https://openalex.org/W2112731937","https://openalex.org/W2113466552","https://openalex.org/W2130325996","https://openalex.org/W2135002326","https://openalex.org/W2135957164","https://openalex.org/W2139196511","https://openalex.org/W2158363907","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2293024575","https://openalex.org/W6640564649","https://openalex.org/W6679225684","https://openalex.org/W6680437723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175651180","https://openalex.org/W2313374935","https://openalex.org/W3030539566","https://openalex.org/W2076310460","https://openalex.org/W4318914932","https://openalex.org/W4318914675","https://openalex.org/W4285061751","https://openalex.org/W3171414958","https://openalex.org/W1995132165","https://openalex.org/W2385108104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,34,41,47,52,82,87,114,117,167,175,182],"novel":[3],"method":[4,18,96,106,146],"to":[5,75,151,200,207],"auto-calibrate":[6,208],"gaze":[7,11,26,55,58,70,79,109,186,203,209],"estimators":[8],"based":[9,20,179],"on":[10,21,99,181],"patterns":[12,27,71,204],"obtained":[13],"from":[14],"other":[15,73],"viewers.":[16],"Our":[17],"is":[19,44,97,131,157,164,196],"the":[22,25,69,77,94,108,128,144,153,160,172,190,197],"observation":[23],"that":[24,66,162],"of":[28,32,54,72,174,185,192],"humans":[29,74],"are":[30,63],"indicative":[31],"where":[33],"new":[35,42],"viewer":[36,43,154],"will":[37],"look":[38],"at.":[39],"When":[40],"looking":[45,112],"at":[46,113],"stimulus,":[48],"we":[49],"first":[50,198],"estimate":[51],"topology":[53],"points":[56,62,110],"(initial":[57],"points).":[59],"Next,":[60],"these":[61],"transformed":[64],"so":[65],"they":[67],"match":[68],"find":[76],"correct":[78],"points.":[80],"In":[81],"flexible":[83,168],"uncalibrated":[84],"setup":[85,169],"with":[86,120,138],"web":[88],"camera":[89],"and":[90,102,178],"no":[91],"chin":[92,176],"rest,":[93,177],"proposed":[95,145],"tested":[98],"ten":[100,103],"subjects":[101],"images.":[104],"The":[105],"estimates":[107],"after":[111],"stimulus":[115],"for":[116],"few":[118,183],"seconds":[119,184],"an":[121],"average":[122],"error":[123],"below":[124],"4.5":[125],".":[126],"Although":[127],"reported":[129],"performance":[130],"lower":[132],"than":[133],"what":[134],"could":[135],"be":[136],"achieved":[137],"dedicated":[139],"hardware":[140],"or":[141],"calibrated":[142],"setup,":[143],"still":[147],"provides":[148],"sufficient":[149],"accuracy":[150],"trace":[152],"attention.":[155],"This":[156],"promising":[158],"considering":[159],"fact":[161],"auto-calibration":[163],"done":[165],"in":[166,205],",":[170],"without":[171],"use":[173,201],"only":[180],"initialization":[187],"data.":[188],"To":[189],"best":[191],"our":[193],"knowledge,":[194],"this":[195],"work":[199],"human":[202],"order":[206],"estimators.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
