{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118209563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-007-0087-3","title":"Color Subspaces as Photometric Invariants","display_name":"Color Subspaces as Photometric Invariants","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118209563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-007-0087-3","mag":"2118209563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-007-0087-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-007-0087-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073071472","display_name":"Todd Zickler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-1558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd Zickler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, 33 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA","Harvard University, Cambridge, USA 02138#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, 33 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, USA 02138#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103361115","display_name":"Satya P. Mallick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satya P. Mallick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, USA","University of California. San Diego, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California. San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108353230","display_name":"David Kriegman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Kriegman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, USA","University of California. San Diego, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California. San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002881666","display_name":"Peter N. Belhumeur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter N. Belhumeur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA","Columbia University, New York, USA 10027"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, USA 10027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073071472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91475396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-illuminant","display_name":"Standard illuminant","score":0.870987057685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photometric-stereo","display_name":"Photometric stereo","score":0.8230575919151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7726153135299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7435014843940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.6115484833717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.5945115089416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.5813302397727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.5775730609893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5622811913490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-constancy","display_name":"Color constancy","score":0.47933873534202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4412817358970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.4210210144519806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.41796454787254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40584030747413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3299407362937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.28644269704818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24168458580970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17675384879112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10162606835365295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129112856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375479","display_name":"Standard illuminant","level":2,"score":0.870987057685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44365914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120636","display_name":"Photometric stereo","level":3,"score":0.8230575919151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7726153135299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7435014843940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.6115484833717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.5945115089416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5813302397727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.5775730609893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5622811913490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187888035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563885","display_name":"Color constancy","level":3,"score":0.47933873534202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4412817358970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.4210210144519806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.41796454787254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40584030747413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3299407362937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.28644269704818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24168458580970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17675384879112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10162606835365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11263-007-0087-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-007-0087-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.122.1126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.122.1126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~zickler/papers/ColorSubspaces_IJCV.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.147.1164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.147.1164","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~belhumeur/journal/colorsubspace-ijcv08.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.91.3982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.91.3982","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~zickler/papers/ColorSubspaces_cvpr2006.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37886468","https://openalex.org/W96182012","https://openalex.org/W133709899","https://openalex.org/W196449815","https://openalex.org/W1506902333","https://openalex.org/W1547678943","https://openalex.org/W1555072979","https://openalex.org/W1565662012","https://openalex.org/W1566351160","https://openalex.org/W1595081633","https://openalex.org/W1604674053","https://openalex.org/W1704999350","https://openalex.org/W1908164922","https://openalex.org/W1927560807","https://openalex.org/W1977925962","https://openalex.org/W1984472840","https://openalex.org/W1987871556","https://openalex.org/W1990309126","https://openalex.org/W1991135461","https://openalex.org/W2002292139","https://openalex.org/W2003662533","https://openalex.org/W2013394111","https://openalex.org/W2015578497","https://openalex.org/W2034820663","https://openalex.org/W2045932639","https://openalex.org/W2058191200","https://openalex.org/W2058429962","https://openalex.org/W2068710241","https://openalex.org/W2092352808","https://openalex.org/W2096139825","https://openalex.org/W2097373771","https://openalex.org/W2101121565","https://openalex.org/W2103274608","https://openalex.org/W2106805947","https://openalex.org/W2107558608","https://openalex.org/W2111060758","https://openalex.org/W2113197346","https://openalex.org/W2117483505","https://openalex.org/W2117940447","https://openalex.org/W2119204143","https://openalex.org/W2119624612","https://openalex.org/W2120448006","https://openalex.org/W2121276932","https://openalex.org/W2122243061","https://openalex.org/W2122715211","https://openalex.org/W2123335875","https://openalex.org/W2123782500","https://openalex.org/W2126629925","https://openalex.org/W2130213536","https://openalex.org/W2130840066","https://openalex.org/W2133807827","https://openalex.org/W2135395660","https://openalex.org/W2136955756","https://openalex.org/W2138370740","https://openalex.org/W2139598575","https://openalex.org/W2142936824","https://openalex.org/W2143181226","https://openalex.org/W2145561592","https://openalex.org/W2145670437","https://openalex.org/W2146280721","https://openalex.org/W2146599206","https://openalex.org/W2147933509","https://openalex.org/W2153101587","https://openalex.org/W2154217002","https://openalex.org/W2159061006","https://openalex.org/W2160126058","https://openalex.org/W2161685827","https://openalex.org/W2162137382","https://openalex.org/W2162749542","https://openalex.org/W2164117311","https://openalex.org/W2165379530","https://openalex.org/W2170278017","https://openalex.org/W2171972194","https://openalex.org/W2561330338","https://openalex.org/W3022675554","https://openalex.org/W4240153047","https://openalex.org/W6633917470","https://openalex.org/W6635768230","https://openalex.org/W6681436197","https://openalex.org/W6681577358","https://openalex.org/W6681746957","https://openalex.org/W6999783174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2405544836","https://openalex.org/W1965405839","https://openalex.org/W4308233877","https://openalex.org/W2287944637","https://openalex.org/W1907286699","https://openalex.org/W1973960649","https://openalex.org/W2004497455","https://openalex.org/W2085076872","https://openalex.org/W2026092253","https://openalex.org/W4382246118"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}