{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313595297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9","title":"What we see is what we do: a practical Peripheral Vision-Based HMM framework for gaze-enhanced recognition of actions in a medical procedural task","display_name":"What we see is what we do: a practical Peripheral Vision-Based HMM framework for gaze-enhanced recognition of actions in a medical procedural task","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313595297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160628929","display_name":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","issn_l":"0924-1868","issn":["0924-1868","1573-1391"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002829056","display_name":"Felix S. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-202X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Felix S. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066360238","display_name":"Thomas Kreiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-4302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kreiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031190471","display_name":"Alexander Lutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-5221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Lutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020575640","display_name":"Quentin Lohmeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-5329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quentin Lohmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001227237","display_name":"Mirko Meboldt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5828-5406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Meboldt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002829056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.1928,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78745207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"939","last_page":"965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7688934803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7478229999542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7333992719650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6569521427154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5461394190788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5321736931800842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.4513959288597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4380171597003937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41537562012672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38815271854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37089937925338745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7688934803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7478229999542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7333992719650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6569521427154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5461394190788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5321736931800842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.4513959288597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4380171597003937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41537562012672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38815271854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37089937925338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160628929","display_name":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","issn_l":"0924-1868","issn":["0924-1868","1573-1391"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/590024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/590024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 33 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000590024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000590024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11257-022-09352-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160628929","display_name":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","issn_l":"0924-1868","issn":["0924-1868","1573-1391"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G24489811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"43122.1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327931","funder_display_name":"Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur f\u00fcr Innovationsf\u00f6rderung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327931","display_name":"Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur f\u00fcr Innovationsf\u00f6rderung","ror":"https://ror.org/05a2bhn71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313595297.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134615584","https://openalex.org/W1923404803","https://openalex.org/W1947050545","https://openalex.org/W1990930131","https://openalex.org/W2025033911","https://openalex.org/W2052816673","https://openalex.org/W2054422927","https://openalex.org/W2074693532","https://openalex.org/W2126579184","https://openalex.org/W2212494831","https://openalex.org/W2391995712","https://openalex.org/W2463627759","https://openalex.org/W2513221296","https://openalex.org/W2526479943","https://openalex.org/W2594876150","https://openalex.org/W2605973302","https://openalex.org/W2740228059","https://openalex.org/W2752912576","https://openalex.org/W2776563071","https://openalex.org/W2791392289","https://openalex.org/W2796136333","https://openalex.org/W2809754775","https://openalex.org/W2810218536","https://openalex.org/W2889783309","https://openalex.org/W2897201069","https://openalex.org/W2913292019","https://openalex.org/W2921303908","https://openalex.org/W2950447671","https://openalex.org/W2951078712","https://openalex.org/W2955186568","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963082988","https://openalex.org/W2963601560","https://openalex.org/W2964222622","https://openalex.org/W2969944904","https://openalex.org/W2971680695","https://openalex.org/W2972317743","https://openalex.org/W2979723138","https://openalex.org/W2981293741","https://openalex.org/W2994662721","https://openalex.org/W2995264981","https://openalex.org/W3015822282","https://openalex.org/W3023755016","https://openalex.org/W3043142510","https://openalex.org/W3044651858","https://openalex.org/W3047511107","https://openalex.org/W3090789868","https://openalex.org/W3092562667","https://openalex.org/W3118648637","https://openalex.org/W3123364653","https://openalex.org/W3129222583","https://openalex.org/W3156617483","https://openalex.org/W3164491311","https://openalex.org/W3164845984","https://openalex.org/W3165302318","https://openalex.org/W4200367987","https://openalex.org/W4249279051","https://openalex.org/W4251447137","https://openalex.org/W4288337526","https://openalex.org/W6810999931","https://openalex.org/W6947449106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Deep":[1],"learning":[2],"models":[3],"have":[4],"shown":[5],"remarkable":[6],"performances":[7,175],"in":[8,176,199],"egocentric":[9,60],"video-based":[10],"action":[11,61,86,104,135,200],"recognition":[12,105],"(EAR),":[13],"but":[14],"rely":[15],"heavily":[16],"on":[17,124],"a":[18,57,110,125,166],"large":[19],"quantity":[20],"of":[21,53,84,117,145,153,165],"training":[22],"data.":[23],"In":[24],"specific":[25],"applications":[26],"with":[27],"only":[28],"limited":[29],"data":[30,34,55],"available,":[31],"eye":[32,140],"movement":[33],"may":[35],"provide":[36],"additional":[37],"valuable":[38],"sensory":[39],"information":[40,89],"to":[41,162],"achieve":[42],"accurate":[43],"classification":[44,72,115,174,186],"performances.":[45],"However,":[46],"little":[47],"is":[48,90,106,120,148],"known":[49],"about":[50],"the":[51,66,82,95,99,118,146,151,157,163,177,183,194,197],"effectiveness":[52],"gaze":[54,79],"as":[56,205],"modality":[58],"for":[59,81,196],"recognition.":[62],"We,":[63],"therefore,":[64],"propose":[65],"new":[67],"Peripheral":[68],"Vision-Based":[69],"HMM":[70],"(PVHMM)":[71],"framework,":[73],"which":[74],"utilizes":[75],"context-rich":[76],"and":[77,98,102,122],"object-related":[78],"features":[80],"detection":[83],"human":[85,103],"sequences.":[87],"Gaze":[88],"quantified":[91],"using":[92,137,150],"two":[93],"features,":[94],"object-of-interest":[96],"hit":[97],"object\u2013gaze":[100],"distance,":[101],"achieved":[107],"by":[108],"employing":[109],"hidden":[111],"Markov":[112],"model.":[113,168,187],"The":[114,143,169],"performance":[116,164,208],"framework":[119],"tested":[121],"validated":[123],"safety-critical":[126],"medical":[127,179,211],"device":[128],"handling":[129],"task":[130],"sequence":[131],"involving":[132],"seven":[133],"distinct":[134],"classes,":[136],"43":[138],"mobile":[139],"tracking":[141],"recordings.":[142],"robustness":[144],"approach":[147,192],"evaluated":[149],"addition":[152],"Gaussian":[154],"noise.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"results":[158],"are":[159],"then":[160],"compared":[161],"VGG-16":[167],"gaze-enhanced":[170,190],"PVHMM":[171],"achieves":[172],"high":[173],"investigated":[178],"procedure":[180],"task,":[181],"surpassing":[182],"purely":[184],"image-based":[185],"Consequently,":[188],"this":[189],"EAR":[191],"shows":[193],"potential":[195],"implementation":[198],"sequence-dependent":[201],"real-world":[202],"applications,":[203],"such":[204],"surgical":[206],"training,":[207],"assessment,":[209],"or":[210],"procedural":[212],"tasks.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}