{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384521927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4","title":"Supporting AI-powered real-time cyber-physical systems on heterogeneous platforms via hypervisor technology","display_name":"Supporting AI-powered real-time cyber-physical systems on heterogeneous platforms via hypervisor technology","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384521927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183885566","display_name":"Real-Time Systems","issn_l":"0922-6443","issn":["0922-6443","1573-1383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real-Time Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074915905","display_name":"Edoardo Cittadini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-8960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Cittadini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-8960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045903592","display_name":"Mauro Marinoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7041-9777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Marinoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072482410","display_name":"Alessandro Biondi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-9336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Biondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062196702","display_name":"Giorgiomaria Cicero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-8801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgiomaria Cicero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024920325","display_name":"Giorgio Buttazzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4959-4017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Buttazzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074915905"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"fwci":2.8185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91603519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"609","last_page":"635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.8725319504737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.7290838956832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6912167072296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6586465239524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6142986416816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5257243514060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-operating-system","display_name":"Embedded operating system","score":0.4641752243041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4411034882068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.1987972855567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.16310855746269226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.8725319504737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.7290838956832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6912167072296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6586465239524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6142986416816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5257243514060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35939892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139923","display_name":"Embedded operating system","level":3,"score":0.4641752243041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4411034882068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.1987972855567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.16310855746269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183885566","display_name":"Real-Time Systems","issn_l":"0922-6443","issn":["0922-6443","1573-1383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real-Time Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.iris.sssup.it:11382/557372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11382/557372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196376","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","host_organization_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11241-023-09402-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183885566","display_name":"Real-Time Systems","issn_l":"0922-6443","issn":["0922-6443","1573-1383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real-Time Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324216","display_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","ror":"https://ror.org/025602r80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384521927.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W321739617","https://openalex.org/W1578294898","https://openalex.org/W1578616565","https://openalex.org/W2034880514","https://openalex.org/W2095308508","https://openalex.org/W2095967702","https://openalex.org/W2528565181","https://openalex.org/W2548287600","https://openalex.org/W2570914145","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2653504903","https://openalex.org/W2769647412","https://openalex.org/W2782784892","https://openalex.org/W2788575897","https://openalex.org/W2807281109","https://openalex.org/W2891658134","https://openalex.org/W2893106650","https://openalex.org/W2916484109","https://openalex.org/W2965571038","https://openalex.org/W2985970291","https://openalex.org/W3011613664","https://openalex.org/W3081880709","https://openalex.org/W3092155198","https://openalex.org/W3097806840","https://openalex.org/W3103852474","https://openalex.org/W3137147200","https://openalex.org/W3148609646","https://openalex.org/W3163360027","https://openalex.org/W3168747764","https://openalex.org/W3184606595","https://openalex.org/W4238014149","https://openalex.org/W4283724383","https://openalex.org/W4286904999","https://openalex.org/W4307264545","https://openalex.org/W4313484751","https://openalex.org/W6605484723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241166160","https://openalex.org/W2796290234","https://openalex.org/W2470663080","https://openalex.org/W2148749405","https://openalex.org/W1965252149","https://openalex.org/W2104105430","https://openalex.org/W1515917392","https://openalex.org/W1973516247","https://openalex.org/W1991063492","https://openalex.org/W2102844359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,55,100],"heavy":[2],"use":[3,107],"of":[4,47,61,110,116],"machine":[5],"learning":[6,78],"algorithms":[7,79],"in":[8],"safety-critical":[9,87],"systems":[10],"poses":[11],"serious":[12],"questions":[13],"related":[14],"to":[15,25,42,66],"safety,":[16],"security,":[17],"and":[18,39,52,85,91],"predictability":[19],"issues,":[20],"requiring":[21],"novel":[22],"architectural":[23],"approaches":[24],"guarantee":[26],"such":[27],"properties.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"an":[32,111],"architecture":[33],"solution":[34],"that":[35],"leverages":[36],"heterogeneous":[37],"platforms":[38],"virtualization":[40],"technologies":[41],"support":[43],"AI-powered":[44],"applications":[45],"consisting":[46,109],"modules":[48],"with":[49],"mixed":[50],"criticalities":[51],"safety":[53],"requirements.":[54],"hypervisor":[56],"exploits":[57],"the":[58,62,81,95,127,131],"security":[59],"features":[60],"Xilinx":[63],"ZCU104":[64],"MPSoCs":[65],"create":[67],"two":[68],"isolated":[69],"execution":[70],"environments:":[71],"a":[72,86,106,121],"high":[73],"performance":[74],"domain":[75,88],"running":[76,89],"deep":[77,122],"under":[80,94],"Linux":[82],"operating":[83,98],"system":[84],"control":[90],"monitoring":[92],"functions":[93],"freeRTOS":[96],"real-time":[97],"system.":[99],"proposed":[101],"approach":[102],"is":[103],"validated":[104],"by":[105],"case":[108],"unmanned":[112],"aerial":[113],"vehicle":[114],"capable":[115],"tracking":[117],"moving":[118],"targets":[119],"using":[120],"neural":[123],"network":[124],"accelerated":[125],"on":[126,130],"FGPA":[128],"available":[129],"platform.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
