{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2594789366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","title":"Verification and control of partially observable probabilistic systems","display_name":"Verification and control of partially observable probabilistic systems","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2594789366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","mag":"2594789366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11241-017-9269-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183885566","display_name":"Real-Time Systems","issn_l":"0922-6443","issn":["0922-6443","1573-1383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real-Time Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11241-017-9269-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067544120","display_name":"Gethin Norman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-4344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gethin Norman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036097359","display_name":"David Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063242080","display_name":"Xueyi Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyi Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036097359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"fwci":6.6354,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9731892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"3","first_page":"354","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.8165731430053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6814599633216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5616961717605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5300219655036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21683764457702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12312930822372437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.8165731430053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6814599633216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5616961717605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5300219655036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21683764457702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12312930822372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11241-017-9269-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183885566","display_name":"Real-Time Systems","issn_l":"0922-6443","issn":["0922-6443","1573-1383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real-Time Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:137370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/1d61baf0-51cc-49ef-a1f6-68dfc97780bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/1d61baf0-51cc-49ef-a1f6-68dfc97780bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Norman, G, Parker, D & Zou, X 2017, 'Verification and control of partially observable probabilistic systems', Real-Time Systems, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 354\u2013402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/1d61baf0-51cc-49ef-a1f6-68dfc97780bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://birmingham.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/1d61baf0-51cc-49ef-a1f6-68dfc97780bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Norman , G , Parker , D & Zou , X 2017 , ' Verification and control of partially observable probabilistic systems ' , Real-Time Systems , vol. 53 , no. 3 , pp. 354\u2013402 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-017-9269-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11241-017-9269-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183885566","display_name":"Real-Time Systems","issn_l":"0922-6443","issn":["0922-6443","1573-1383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real-Time Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1208334278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L001802/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5120971352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRASS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7063124358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRINCESS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337531","funder_display_name":"Defense Sciences Office, DARPA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7788844621","display_name":"Automated Game-Theoretic Verification of Security Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/K038575/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8427720276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K038575/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8682795926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007128/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337531","display_name":"Defense Sciences Office, DARPA","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2594789366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2594789366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99048994","https://openalex.org/W105489851","https://openalex.org/W138290785","https://openalex.org/W288011047","https://openalex.org/W1482467703","https://openalex.org/W1494426349","https://openalex.org/W1531214994","https://openalex.org/W1538639190","https://openalex.org/W1539216098","https://openalex.org/W1555801537","https://openalex.org/W1572777470","https://openalex.org/W1588937771","https://openalex.org/W1596903331","https://openalex.org/W1597374562","https://openalex.org/W1602555042","https://openalex.org/W1809182522","https://openalex.org/W1862398452","https://openalex.org/W1964882163","https://openalex.org/W1974128870","https://openalex.org/W1977070092","https://openalex.org/W1996295354","https://openalex.org/W2005998857","https://openalex.org/W2028827800","https://openalex.org/W2048183302","https://openalex.org/W2053702803","https://openalex.org/W2055921164","https://openalex.org/W2065323166","https://openalex.org/W2080316200","https://openalex.org/W2086673120","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2089017767","https://openalex.org/W2097415230","https://openalex.org/W2101508170","https://openalex.org/W2103614073","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2127064852","https://openalex.org/W2129384397","https://openalex.org/W2130773092","https://openalex.org/W2131639975","https://openalex.org/W2132976180","https://openalex.org/W2133057837","https://openalex.org/W2149476049","https://openalex.org/W2151166730","https://openalex.org/W2152295777","https://openalex.org/W2152720531","https://openalex.org/W2162732022","https://openalex.org/W2166069606","https://openalex.org/W2182995676","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2501266110","https://openalex.org/W2521475522","https://openalex.org/W2591957553","https://openalex.org/W2912904668","https://openalex.org/W2952668311","https://openalex.org/W2953166082","https://openalex.org/W4230164823","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1994680671","https://openalex.org/W2000283393","https://openalex.org/W2002320543","https://openalex.org/W2061947244","https://openalex.org/W2150232912","https://openalex.org/W2054940838","https://openalex.org/W3106170641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,60,92,168],"present":[1],"automated":[2],"techniques":[3,95],"for":[4,14,37,108,133],"the":[5,23,78,85,109,124,148,170,173,179,191],"verification":[6],"and":[7,17,159,183,195,200],"control":[8],"of":[9,20,44,70,73,80,88,123,139,172,193],"partially":[10,32,53],"observable,":[11],"probabilistic":[12,45,62],"systems":[13,30],"both":[15,157],"discrete":[16],"dense":[18,38],"models":[19],"time.":[21],"For":[22],"discrete-time":[24],"case,":[25],"we":[26,40,154],"formally":[27],"model":[28,110,181],"these":[29,74],"using":[31],"observable":[33],"Markov":[34],"decision":[35],"processes;":[36],"time,":[39],"propose":[41,94],"an":[42,56,81,136],"extension":[43],"timed":[46],"automata":[47],"in":[48,178],"which":[49,111],"local":[50],"states":[51],"are":[52],"visible":[54],"to":[55,77,96,186],"observer":[57],"or":[58,84,104],"controller.":[59],"give":[61],"temporal":[63],"logics":[64],"that":[65,99],"can":[66,165],"express":[67],"a":[68,89,101,106,120],"range":[69],"quantitative":[71],"properties":[72],"models,":[75,135],"relating":[76],"probability":[79],"event\u2019s":[82],"occurrence":[83],"expected":[86],"value":[87],"reward":[90],"measure.":[91],"then":[93],"either":[97],"verify":[98],"such":[100],"property":[102],"holds":[103],"synthesise":[105],"controller":[107],"makes":[112],"it":[113,177,185],"true.":[114],"Our":[115],"approach":[116,174],"is":[117,144,151],"based":[118],"on":[119,162],"grid-based":[121],"abstraction":[122],"uncountable":[125],"belief":[126],"space":[127],"induced":[128],"by":[129,175],"partial":[130],"observability":[131],"and,":[132],"dense-time":[134],"integer":[137],"discretisation":[138],"real-time":[140],"behaviour.":[141],"The":[142],"former":[143],"necessarily":[145],"approximate":[146],"since":[147],"underlying":[149],"problem":[150],"undecidable,":[152],"however":[153],"show":[155],"how":[156],"lower":[158],"upper":[160],"bounds":[161],"numerical":[163],"results":[164],"be":[166],"generated.":[167],"illustrate":[169],"effectiveness":[171],"implementing":[176],"PRISM":[180],"checker":[182],"applying":[184],"several":[187],"case":[188],"studies":[189],"from":[190],"domains":[192],"task":[194],"network":[196],"scheduling,":[197],"computer":[198],"security":[199],"planning.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
