{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163374818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-026-01437-9","title":"Optimizing edge microservices deployment and routing for smart city IoT using the soft actor-critic algorithm","display_name":"Optimizing edge microservices deployment and routing for smart city IoT using the soft actor-critic algorithm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163374818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-026-01437-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11235-026-01437-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-026-01437-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145894672","display_name":"Telecommunication Systems","issn_l":"1018-4864","issn":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Telecommunication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137752537","display_name":"Hao Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430876","display_name":"Xi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-5345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137733469","display_name":"Zhipeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137746389","display_name":"Yixuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137739333","display_name":"Li Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069055634","display_name":"Xiaoxia Kou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-9072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxia Kou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Information and Communication Company, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5137752537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69823746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8528000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8528000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.023000000044703484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microservices","display_name":"Microservices","score":0.7282999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.38760000467300415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8892999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.7282999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6047999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779391423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009728","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144097018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4329404","display_name":"Service discovery","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11235-026-01437-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-026-01437-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145894672","display_name":"Telecommunication Systems","issn_l":"1018-4864","issn":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Telecommunication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4081047475337982}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765772287","https://openalex.org/W2772792841","https://openalex.org/W2912731102","https://openalex.org/W2913871603","https://openalex.org/W2922466107","https://openalex.org/W2971802369","https://openalex.org/W2984011474","https://openalex.org/W2994813045","https://openalex.org/W3017518089","https://openalex.org/W3047538493","https://openalex.org/W3088084782","https://openalex.org/W3120923500","https://openalex.org/W3175122720","https://openalex.org/W3179403759","https://openalex.org/W3188116061","https://openalex.org/W3189363471","https://openalex.org/W3197974243","https://openalex.org/W4211022188","https://openalex.org/W4229002088","https://openalex.org/W4322706776","https://openalex.org/W4365420256","https://openalex.org/W4376481324","https://openalex.org/W4380434619","https://openalex.org/W4385518131","https://openalex.org/W4386883096","https://openalex.org/W4390905777","https://openalex.org/W4394828136","https://openalex.org/W4400609911","https://openalex.org/W4400904818","https://openalex.org/W4401247256","https://openalex.org/W4401879010","https://openalex.org/W4415482536"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T06:17:00.636019","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}
