{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415496787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z","title":"Comprehensive analysis of Li-Fi technology: positioning algorithms, security vulnerabilities, and future IoT applications","display_name":"Comprehensive analysis of Li-Fi technology: positioning algorithms, security vulnerabilities, and future IoT applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415496787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145894672","display_name":"Telecommunication Systems","issn_l":"1018-4864","issn":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Telecommunication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011574113","display_name":"Abdul Razaque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-3526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143508","display_name":"International Information Technologies University","ror":"https://ror.org/042dtza69","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Razaque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybersecurity, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybersecurity, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046313742","display_name":"Gulnara Bektemyssova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143508","display_name":"International Information Technologies University","ror":"https://ror.org/042dtza69","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gulnara Bektemyssova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101305245","display_name":"Meenhoon Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143508","display_name":"International Information Technologies University","ror":"https://ror.org/042dtza69","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["KZ","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meenhoon Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113141336","display_name":"Joon Yoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joon Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029193568","display_name":"Meer Jaro Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143508","display_name":"International Information Technologies University","ror":"https://ror.org/042dtza69","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["KZ","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meer Jaro Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061267204","display_name":"Jaime Lloret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-0533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Lloret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Gesti\u00f3n Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Gesti\u00f3n Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011574113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143508"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"fwci":4.8252,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95322602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-technology","display_name":"Positioning technology","score":0.5250999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.3522999882698059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778075934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning technology","level":2,"score":0.5250999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146481406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105131","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145894672","display_name":"Telecommunication Systems","issn_l":"1018-4864","issn":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Telecommunication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145894672","display_name":"Telecommunication Systems","issn_l":"1018-4864","issn":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Telecommunication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415496787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415496787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":128,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486825857","https://openalex.org/W1542403642","https://openalex.org/W1552424687","https://openalex.org/W1605639255","https://openalex.org/W1632416261","https://openalex.org/W1636339314","https://openalex.org/W1639294930","https://openalex.org/W1895538266","https://openalex.org/W1966370141","https://openalex.org/W1984649364","https://openalex.org/W1986797098","https://openalex.org/W1987057386","https://openalex.org/W2000818097","https://openalex.org/W2014627128","https://openalex.org/W2028078039","https://openalex.org/W2029676371","https://openalex.org/W2030023596","https://openalex.org/W2040706838","https://openalex.org/W2042706896","https://openalex.org/W2044332976","https://openalex.org/W2049982842","https://openalex.org/W2052340742","https://openalex.org/W2063385268","https://openalex.org/W2069298321","https://openalex.org/W2071372767","https://openalex.org/W2073808079","https://openalex.org/W2080511157","https://openalex.org/W2080944980","https://openalex.org/W2086174184","https://openalex.org/W2096320897","https://openalex.org/W2106833244","https://openalex.org/W2111566853","https://openalex.org/W2124280970","https://openalex.org/W2127221630","https://openalex.org/W2139435490","https://openalex.org/W2153733953","https://openalex.org/W2156477559","https://openalex.org/W2172860135","https://openalex.org/W2183458446","https://openalex.org/W2188514886","https://openalex.org/W2213406204","https://openalex.org/W2272996903","https://openalex.org/W2278366347","https://openalex.org/W2280661472","https://openalex.org/W2294612870","https://openalex.org/W2331529647","https://openalex.org/W2341738354","https://openalex.org/W2379838048","https://openalex.org/W2418388807","https://openalex.org/W2506610195","https://openalex.org/W2519249192","https://openalex.org/W2519671506","https://openalex.org/W2548688064","https://openalex.org/W2553269026","https://openalex.org/W2556297796","https://openalex.org/W2562441193","https://openalex.org/W2574337833","https://openalex.org/W2577502878","https://openalex.org/W2581657152","https://openalex.org/W2589699518","https://openalex.org/W2593505908","https://openalex.org/W2602734660","https://openalex.org/W2613480794","https://openalex.org/W2724771666","https://openalex.org/W2729649888","https://openalex.org/W2734710338","https://openalex.org/W2736189580","https://openalex.org/W2736412048","https://openalex.org/W2737850011","https://openalex.org/W2749750670","https://openalex.org/W2753138929","https://openalex.org/W2753888321","https://openalex.org/W2766177307","https://openalex.org/W2768910390","https://openalex.org/W2774292658","https://openalex.org/W2784210264","https://openalex.org/W2787053746","https://openalex.org/W2790721243","https://openalex.org/W2791124749","https://openalex.org/W2791920984","https://openalex.org/W2791974556","https://openalex.org/W2793292193","https://openalex.org/W2793354335","https://openalex.org/W2801591574","https://openalex.org/W2808263496","https://openalex.org/W2808522087","https://openalex.org/W2811144787","https://openalex.org/W2883642793","https://openalex.org/W2884812989","https://openalex.org/W2889477777","https://openalex.org/W2894090704","https://openalex.org/W2900927486","https://openalex.org/W2909557065","https://openalex.org/W2920484357","https://openalex.org/W2936721700","https://openalex.org/W2956616461","https://openalex.org/W2963190415","https://openalex.org/W2963698335","https://openalex.org/W2971355765","https://openalex.org/W2980113313","https://openalex.org/W2980733532","https://openalex.org/W2986709913","https://openalex.org/W2990026200","https://openalex.org/W2996938467","https://openalex.org/W3000580608","https://openalex.org/W3007556140","https://openalex.org/W3009570207","https://openalex.org/W3011178886","https://openalex.org/W3022460372","https://openalex.org/W3029852781","https://openalex.org/W3030332480","https://openalex.org/W3087114677","https://openalex.org/W3128093517","https://openalex.org/W3158184527","https://openalex.org/W3209727980","https://openalex.org/W3215648807","https://openalex.org/W3215709946","https://openalex.org/W4200473107","https://openalex.org/W4221084790","https://openalex.org/W4235364725","https://openalex.org/W4235581685","https://openalex.org/W4286007474","https://openalex.org/W4290998118","https://openalex.org/W4293087578","https://openalex.org/W4293194208","https://openalex.org/W4366990341","https://openalex.org/W4367313436","https://openalex.org/W4406639525"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Light":[1],"fidelity":[2],"(Li-Fi)":[3],"is":[4,46,67],"an":[5,41,72],"ovonic,":[6],"high-speed,":[7],"wireless":[8],"network":[9,170],"communication":[10,57],"technology.":[11],"It":[12],"can":[13,142],"supplement":[14],"radio":[15],"frequency":[16],"(RF)":[17],"communications":[18],"that":[19,112],"carry":[20],"much":[21],"more":[22],"information":[23],"to":[24,75,144,185,218],"solve":[25],"the":[26,52,61,94,145,164],"problem":[27],"of":[28,35,54,63,99,105,135,167,196],"RF":[29],"bandwidth":[30],"limitations.":[31],"The":[32,148,192,234],"widespread":[33],"introduction":[34],"light-emitting":[36],"diodes":[37],"(LEDs)":[38],"helps":[39],"create":[40],"indoor":[42],"positioning":[43,59,107,110,136,238],"system,":[44],"which":[45],"flexible":[47],"at":[48],"all":[49],"places.":[50],"However,":[51],"problems":[53,92,104],"visible":[55],"light":[56],"(VLC)":[58],"hinder":[60],"development":[62],"Li-Fi.":[64,100],"Hence,":[65],"there":[66],"a":[68,156,187],"dire":[69],"need":[70],"for":[71],"extensive":[73],"survey":[74,83],"explore":[76,163],"Li-Fi":[77,87,146,168,182,197,203,237],"and":[78,90,96,150,171,180,189,194,201,212,231,236],"security":[79,165],"vulnerabilities.":[80],"In":[81],"our":[82],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,161],"present":[86],"research":[88],"methodology":[89],"discuss":[91,181],"with":[93,108],"background":[95],"design":[97],"specifications":[98],"We":[101],"map":[102],"existing":[103],"VLC":[106],"current":[109],"technologies":[111,137],"are":[113,152,198,206,216,240],"characterized":[114],"based":[115,138],"on":[116,139,169],"Quality-of-Service":[117],"(QoS)":[118],"parameters":[119,141],"such":[120],"as":[121],"speed,":[122,226],"energy":[123,227],"reduction,":[124,228],"time":[125,224],"complexity,":[126,225],"transportability,":[127],"accuracy,":[128,223],"transmission":[129,229],"distance,":[130,230],"etc.":[131],"This":[132],"new":[133],"characterization":[134],"QoS":[140],"contribute":[143],"domain.":[147],"advantages":[149],"disadvantages":[151],"thoroughly":[153],"analyzed":[154],"using":[155],"systematic":[157],"literature":[158],"review.":[159],"Furthermore,":[160],"extensively":[162],"vulnerabilities":[166],"transport":[172],"layers":[173],"classify":[174],"them":[175],"into":[176],"three":[177],"main":[178],"categories;":[179],"heterogeneity":[183],"support":[184],"ensure":[186],"constant":[188],"reliable":[190],"connection.":[191],"strengths":[193],"limitations":[195],"evaluated.":[199],"Current":[200],"future":[202],"IoT-enabled":[204],"applications":[205],"reviewed.":[207],"Positioning":[208],"algorithms":[209,215],"9range-free,":[210],"range-based,":[211],"hybrid)":[213],"Li-Fi-supported":[214],"tested":[217],"determine":[219],"their":[220],"effectiveness":[221],"from":[222],"transportability":[232],"standpoint.":[233],"Loophole-prevention":[235],"improvements":[239],"suggested.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}