{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913480710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w","title":"Information elaboration and epistemic effects of diversity","display_name":"Information elaboration and epistemic effects of diversity","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913480710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w","mag":"2913480710","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33707800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S255146","display_name":"Synthese","issn_l":"0039-7857","issn":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Synthese","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102885655","display_name":"Daniel Steel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4448-3748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100522","display_name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use","ror":"https://ror.org/017w5sv42","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100522"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Steel","raw_affiliation_strings":["W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia, 6356 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V62 1Z2 Canada","W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia, 6356 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V62 1Z2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia, 6356 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V62 1Z2 Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia, 6356 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V62 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003035955","display_name":"Sina Fazelpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-318X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sina Fazelpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada","Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065391216","display_name":"Bianca Crewe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bianca Crewe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada","Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020530484","display_name":"Kinley Gillette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-9135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kinley Gillette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada","Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102885655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4210100522"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":3.3896,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92432723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"198","issue":"2","first_page":"1287","last_page":"1307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.8193448781967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-language","display_name":"Philosophy of language","score":0.7857868671417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elaboration","display_name":"Elaboration","score":0.7793198823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.7477031946182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.7400459051132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"Metaphysics","score":0.6440981030464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5696050524711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4479757845401764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42790094017982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3683231472969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.32580310106277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.2512470483779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18753394484519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09216970205307007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.8193448781967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123556308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484761","display_name":"Philosophy of language","level":3,"score":0.7857868671417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779192218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16944486","display_name":"Elaboration","level":2,"score":0.7793198823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7477031946182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.7400459051132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.6440981030464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5696050524711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4479757845401764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42790094017982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3683231472969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32580310106277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2512470483779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18753394484519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09216970205307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S255146","display_name":"Synthese","issn_l":"0039-7857","issn":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Synthese","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33707800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33707800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Synthese","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7907020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7907020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Synthese","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11229-019-02108-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S255146","display_name":"Synthese","issn_l":"0039-7857","issn":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Synthese","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3192163616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"435-2017-0336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","funder_display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323180","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913480710.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913480710.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18236153","https://openalex.org/W75763570","https://openalex.org/W126884908","https://openalex.org/W237359993","https://openalex.org/W1489910468","https://openalex.org/W1559582138","https://openalex.org/W1599670046","https://openalex.org/W1622058669","https://openalex.org/W1889273139","https://openalex.org/W1927360298","https://openalex.org/W1968983012","https://openalex.org/W1971928307","https://openalex.org/W1975251797","https://openalex.org/W1978279665","https://openalex.org/W1991113915","https://openalex.org/W1991914319","https://openalex.org/W1993164540","https://openalex.org/W1994226724","https://openalex.org/W1998116478","https://openalex.org/W1998933571","https://openalex.org/W2002098260","https://openalex.org/W2007787433","https://openalex.org/W2009617880","https://openalex.org/W2013377881","https://openalex.org/W2017913753","https://openalex.org/W2038200352","https://openalex.org/W2045552179","https://openalex.org/W2048394259","https://openalex.org/W2068670115","https://openalex.org/W2069881389","https://openalex.org/W2073518683","https://openalex.org/W2077370550","https://openalex.org/W2081386529","https://openalex.org/W2093852526","https://openalex.org/W2094031283","https://openalex.org/W2095078771","https://openalex.org/W2096251220","https://openalex.org/W2100320021","https://openalex.org/W2105904949","https://openalex.org/W2108254762","https://openalex.org/W2110448831","https://openalex.org/W2115275369","https://openalex.org/W2115638724","https://openalex.org/W2120490523","https://openalex.org/W2140454616","https://openalex.org/W2147279185","https://openalex.org/W2150209678","https://openalex.org/W2150575490","https://openalex.org/W2151512924","https://openalex.org/W2152076652","https://openalex.org/W2154044526","https://openalex.org/W2158392329","https://openalex.org/W2160956610","https://openalex.org/W2170662556","https://openalex.org/W2177557571","https://openalex.org/W2185899886","https://openalex.org/W2273131190","https://openalex.org/W2291945899","https://openalex.org/W2294888338","https://openalex.org/W2295273912","https://openalex.org/W2307413927","https://openalex.org/W2333196491","https://openalex.org/W2346939530","https://openalex.org/W2349211190","https://openalex.org/W2460965140","https://openalex.org/W2502030548","https://openalex.org/W2505403271","https://openalex.org/W2565014312","https://openalex.org/W2604854994","https://openalex.org/W2611169275","https://openalex.org/W2726215972","https://openalex.org/W2732698656","https://openalex.org/W2756447846","https://openalex.org/W2770449548","https://openalex.org/W2772477703","https://openalex.org/W2803120221","https://openalex.org/W2804187592","https://openalex.org/W2807730028","https://openalex.org/W2807826800","https://openalex.org/W2885284796","https://openalex.org/W2897148872","https://openalex.org/W2905272256","https://openalex.org/W3123507663","https://openalex.org/W3125002704","https://openalex.org/W3125714960","https://openalex.org/W4233726401","https://openalex.org/W4234357864","https://openalex.org/W4234375681","https://openalex.org/W4234493701","https://openalex.org/W4242300518","https://openalex.org/W4244323414","https://openalex.org/W4246481433","https://openalex.org/W4251214114","https://openalex.org/W4252787295","https://openalex.org/W4253216628","https://openalex.org/W4300559119","https://openalex.org/W6609199458","https://openalex.org/W6665659361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1113816724","https://openalex.org/W2092285106","https://openalex.org/W2066948025","https://openalex.org/W1979976576","https://openalex.org/W2910238174","https://openalex.org/W4241096138","https://openalex.org/W3088603813","https://openalex.org/W4394725775","https://openalex.org/W1990529896","https://openalex.org/W2803521345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,36,88],"suggest":[1,108],"that":[2,42,66,109],"philosophical":[3,54],"accounts":[4,55,60],"of":[5,8,40,56,112],"epistemic":[6,110],"effects":[7],"diversity":[9,19,57,68,84,113],"have":[10,61],"given":[11],"insufficient":[12],"attention":[13],"to":[14,53,79],"the":[15,24,47,64,81,105],"relationship":[16,52,82],"between":[17,83],"demographic":[18,67],"and":[20,34,50,76,85,98],"information":[21],"elaboration":[22],"(IE),":[23],"process":[25],"whereby":[26],"knowledge":[27],"dispersed":[28],"in":[29,46],"a":[30,96],"group":[31,71],"is":[32],"elicited":[33],"examined.":[35],"propose":[37],"an":[38],"analysis":[39],"IE":[41,86],"clarifies":[43],"hypotheses":[44],"proposed":[45],"empirical":[48],"literature":[49],"their":[51],"effects.":[58],"Philosophical":[59],"largely":[62],"overlooked":[63,106],"possibility":[65],"may":[69],"improve":[70],"performance":[72],"by":[73],"enhancing":[74],"IE,":[75],"sometimes":[77],"fail":[78],"explore":[80],"altogether.":[87],"claim":[89],"these":[90],"omissions":[91],"are":[92],"significant":[93],"from":[94],"both":[95],"practical":[97],"theoretical":[99],"perspective.":[100],"Moreover,":[101],"we":[102],"explain":[103],"how":[104],"explanations":[107],"benefits":[111],"can":[114],"depend":[115],"on":[116],"epistemically":[117],"unjust":[118],"social":[119],"dynamics.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T15:46:55.921056","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}