{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116690294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","title":"Knowing whether A or B","display_name":"Knowing whether A or B","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116690294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","mag":"2116690294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S255146","display_name":"Synthese","issn_l":"0039-7857","issn":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Synthese","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055348046","display_name":"Maria Aloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-1173"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Aloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["ILLC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILLC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090078698","display_name":"Paul \u00c9gr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9114-7686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90669466","display_name":"\u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9dg697","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90669466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114522","display_name":"Institut Jean Nicod","ror":"https://ror.org/01qfab443","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210114522","https://openalex.org/I4210139971","https://openalex.org/I4210161506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul \u00c9gr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Jean-Nicod (ENS/EHESS/CNRS), D\u00e9partment d\u2019Etudes Cognitives de l\u2019ENS, Paris, France","Institut Jean-Nicod (ENS/EHESS/CNRS), D\u00e9partment d'Etudes Cognitives de l'ENS, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Jean-Nicod (ENS/EHESS/CNRS), D\u00e9partment d\u2019Etudes Cognitives de l\u2019ENS, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114522","https://openalex.org/I90669466","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Jean-Nicod (ENS/EHESS/CNRS), D\u00e9partment d'Etudes Cognitives de l'ENS, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210114522","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I90669466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008959772","display_name":"Tikitu de Jager","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tikitu de Jager","raw_affiliation_strings":["ILLC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILLC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090078698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210114522","https://openalex.org/I90669466"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":8.4424,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97340446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"190","issue":"14","first_page":"2595","last_page":"2621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presupposition","display_name":"Presupposition","score":0.8330689668655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-language","display_name":"Philosophy of language","score":0.8264269828796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.7807457447052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.6954764127731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"Metaphysics","score":0.6546813249588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-modal-logic","display_name":"Epistemic modal logic","score":0.6388452053070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5692064166069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5588024854660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.4580165445804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.4542548656463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3963969349861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36969101428985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3336518406867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2672152519226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-logic","display_name":"Multimodal logic","score":0.2379482090473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23177924752235413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14607688784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.13025879859924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.12401920557022095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21190884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076131","display_name":"Presupposition","level":2,"score":0.8330689668655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123556308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484761","display_name":"Philosophy of language","level":3,"score":0.8264269828796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.7807457447052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6954764127731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.6546813249588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107247716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347436","display_name":"Epistemic modal logic","level":4,"score":0.6388452053070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5692064166069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5588024854660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.4580165445804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.4542548656463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3963969349861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36969101428985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3336518406867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2672152519226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203659156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934805","display_name":"Multimodal logic","level":3,"score":0.2379482090473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23177924752235413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14607688784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13025879859924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.12401920557022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S255146","display_name":"Synthese","issn_l":"0039-7857","issn":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Synthese","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/1db57bbc-52fb-496b-b1b0-2612b360e12a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/knowing-whether-a-or-b(1db57bbc-52fb-496b-b1b0-2612b360e12a).html","pdf_url":"https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/866529/127304_knowing_whether_A_or_B.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Aloni, M, \u00c9gr\u00e9, P & de Jager, T 2013, 'Knowing whether A or B', Synthese, vol. 190, no. 14, pp. 2595-2621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/1db57bbc-52fb-496b-b1b0-2612b360e12a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/knowing-whether-a-or-b(1db57bbc-52fb-496b-b1b0-2612b360e12a).html","pdf_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/knowing-whether-a-or-b(1db57bbc-52fb-496b-b1b0-2612b360e12a).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Synthese, 190(14), 2595 - 2621. Springer Netherlands","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.157.5564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.157.5564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://staff.science.uva.nl/~maloni/esslli_aej1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.589.8951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.589.8951","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ai.stanford.edu/~epacuit/LaII/proceedings/aloniegre.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire/1db57bbc-52fb-496b-b1b0-2612b360e12a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/knowing-whether-a-or-b(1db57bbc-52fb-496b-b1b0-2612b360e12a).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Aloni, M, \u00c9gr\u00e9, P & de Jager, T 2013, 'Knowing whether A or B', Synthese, vol. 190, no. 14, pp. 2595-2621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11229-009-9646-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S255146","display_name":"Synthese","issn_l":"0039-7857","issn":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Synthese","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G629491556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NWO)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116690294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116690294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73268953","https://openalex.org/W1964464485","https://openalex.org/W1994227541","https://openalex.org/W2010907017","https://openalex.org/W2016235026","https://openalex.org/W2032092546","https://openalex.org/W2046515274","https://openalex.org/W2052517505","https://openalex.org/W2074944668","https://openalex.org/W2091208324","https://openalex.org/W2094298389","https://openalex.org/W2124001812","https://openalex.org/W2125797268","https://openalex.org/W2128511900","https://openalex.org/W2156324088","https://openalex.org/W2259010848","https://openalex.org/W2470140558","https://openalex.org/W2486517182","https://openalex.org/W3146475326","https://openalex.org/W4213235117","https://openalex.org/W4242331858","https://openalex.org/W4250582129","https://openalex.org/W4254941661","https://openalex.org/W6615099658","https://openalex.org/W6720177135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979976576","https://openalex.org/W4301358874","https://openalex.org/W4301150450","https://openalex.org/W4250651810","https://openalex.org/W2074061597","https://openalex.org/W4243280206","https://openalex.org/W4237099893","https://openalex.org/W2512236358","https://openalex.org/W2093643983","https://openalex.org/W2995044241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,11,35,38],"logic":[4,26],"and":[5,30,41],"semantics":[6],"of":[7,10,34,37,42],"knowledge":[8],"attributions":[9],"form":[12],"\u201cs":[13],"knows":[14],"whether":[15],"A":[16],"or":[17],"B\u201d.":[18],"We":[19],"analyze":[20],"these":[21],"constructions":[22],"in":[23],"an":[24,32],"epistemic":[25],"with":[27],"alternative":[28],"questions,":[29],"propose":[31],"account":[33],"context-sensitivity":[36],"corresponding":[39],"sentences":[40],"their":[43],"presuppositions.":[44]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
