{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414163135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07811-9","title":"Rtl design flaws revisited: a data-driven study of systematic bug patterns in Verilog code","display_name":"Rtl design flaws revisited: a data-driven study of systematic bug patterns in Verilog code","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414163135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07811-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11227-025-07811-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07811-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32326811","display_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","issn_l":"0920-8542","issn":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065413638","display_name":"Xiankai Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135905480","display_name":"Shanghai Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02as5yg64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiankai Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100718017","display_name":"Xiang Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-6460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135905480","display_name":"Shanghai Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02as5yg64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049705266","display_name":"Guangda Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-9674"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangda Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034699862","display_name":"Jiayu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-7312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003136837","display_name":"Deheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-1939"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020321812","display_name":"Fangshu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-9891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135905480","display_name":"Shanghai Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02as5yg64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangshu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446919","display_name":"Jiahui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8005-5591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135905480","display_name":"Shanghai Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02as5yg64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041949740","display_name":"Chengcheng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-1247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135905480","display_name":"Shanghai Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02as5yg64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengcheng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135905480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinlin Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087851","display_name":"Sunnyvale Public Library","ror":"https://ror.org/006afd344","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunnyvale, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunnyvale, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021371093","display_name":"Jiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-8890"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021371093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19712747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"14","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verilog","display_name":"Verilog","score":0.7727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7357000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.718500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-description-language","display_name":"Hardware description language","score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-verification","display_name":"Functional verification","score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-verification","display_name":"Intelligent verification","score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.36059999465942383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8870999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779030575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827773","display_name":"Verilog","level":3,"score":0.7727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7357000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.718500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42143788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173341","display_name":"Hardware description language","level":3,"score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508853","display_name":"Functional verification","level":3,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3406870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044160","display_name":"Intelligent verification","level":5,"score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34854456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1484552","display_name":"Register-transfer level","level":4,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36941000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209455","display_name":"VHDL","level":3,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64859876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173673","display_name":"Logic simulation","level":3,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77495112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358436","display_name":"Electronic system-level design and verification","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80291951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200691","display_name":"Design by contract","level":5,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96654402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469962","display_name":"Formal equivalence checking","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136388014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084976","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93682380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025226","display_name":"Static timing analysis","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11227-025-07811-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07811-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32326811","display_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","issn_l":"0920-8542","issn":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6405727100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","funder_display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W347636100","https://openalex.org/W616429135","https://openalex.org/W1986516155","https://openalex.org/W2013655083","https://openalex.org/W2017404422","https://openalex.org/W2018951244","https://openalex.org/W2024486027","https://openalex.org/W2065489029","https://openalex.org/W2101819268","https://openalex.org/W2109681145","https://openalex.org/W2128049346","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2518136680","https://openalex.org/W2784445699","https://openalex.org/W2867448323","https://openalex.org/W2890606267","https://openalex.org/W2905489084","https://openalex.org/W2924629359","https://openalex.org/W2965552403","https://openalex.org/W2979679630","https://openalex.org/W2997795952","https://openalex.org/W3103458892","https://openalex.org/W3103990261","https://openalex.org/W3160007051","https://openalex.org/W4214519628","https://openalex.org/W4226467489","https://openalex.org/W4244051999","https://openalex.org/W4288614128","https://openalex.org/W4296036357","https://openalex.org/W4313116445","https://openalex.org/W4386764794","https://openalex.org/W4386914064","https://openalex.org/W4387355623","https://openalex.org/W4391177863","https://openalex.org/W4391376529","https://openalex.org/W4391378870","https://openalex.org/W4391506168","https://openalex.org/W4392822266","https://openalex.org/W4393213235","https://openalex.org/W4395001508","https://openalex.org/W6888011924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120172095","https://openalex.org/W2153955347","https://openalex.org/W2106507440","https://openalex.org/W1928822090","https://openalex.org/W2118572231","https://openalex.org/W2105593427","https://openalex.org/W4375857205","https://openalex.org/W3036403349","https://openalex.org/W2108860137","https://openalex.org/W1968510839"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}