{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404392390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7","title":"Exploiting neural networks bit-level redundancy to mitigate the impact of faults at inference","display_name":"Exploiting neural networks bit-level redundancy to mitigate the impact of faults at inference","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404392390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32326811","display_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","issn_l":"0920-8542","issn":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088434774","display_name":"Izan Catal\u00e1n Gallach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7993-433X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Izan Catal\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica de Sistemas y Computadores (DISCA), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica de Sistemas y Computadores (DISCA), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046815809","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Flich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-6284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Flich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica de Sistemas y Computadores (DISCA), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica de Sistemas y Computadores (DISCA), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047492364","display_name":"Carles Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5393-3195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carles Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica de Sistemas y Computadores (DISCA), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica de Sistemas y Computadores (DISCA), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088434774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.4375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82503821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9221733808517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.7160975933074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6897724866867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5437047481536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.4839230179786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.34602445363998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3399382531642914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27287182211875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07361581921577454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9221733808517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7160975933074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6897724866867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5437047481536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.4839230179786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34602445363998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3399382531642914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27287182211875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07361581921577454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32326811","display_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","issn_l":"0920-8542","issn":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-024-06693-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32326811","display_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","issn_l":"0920-8542","issn":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334905","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404392390.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1980073965","https://openalex.org/W2041396597","https://openalex.org/W2131092434","https://openalex.org/W2424922524","https://openalex.org/W2593775473","https://openalex.org/W2767260595","https://openalex.org/W2914723871","https://openalex.org/W2946747688","https://openalex.org/W2964923388","https://openalex.org/W2970723336","https://openalex.org/W2981860227","https://openalex.org/W2996011786","https://openalex.org/W3017951663","https://openalex.org/W3034665124","https://openalex.org/W3036979375","https://openalex.org/W3087086069","https://openalex.org/W3092411122","https://openalex.org/W3099264032","https://openalex.org/W3112604890","https://openalex.org/W3144382800","https://openalex.org/W3149134903","https://openalex.org/W3151762208","https://openalex.org/W3183847497","https://openalex.org/W3190062760","https://openalex.org/W3210158641","https://openalex.org/W4252174618","https://openalex.org/W4293272168","https://openalex.org/W4297099684","https://openalex.org/W4308233874","https://openalex.org/W4312596145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2411923897","https://openalex.org/W4394546135","https://openalex.org/W4285347720","https://openalex.org/W4200259850","https://openalex.org/W2333831899","https://openalex.org/W2484894494","https://openalex.org/W2367385042","https://openalex.org/W4381186982","https://openalex.org/W2040781570","https://openalex.org/W4226055750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Neural":[1],"networks":[2],"are":[3,147],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,37,55,143],"critical":[7],"environments":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10],"healthcare,":[11],"autonomous":[12],"vehicles,":[13],"or":[14],"video":[15],"surveillance.":[16],"To":[17,78],"ensure":[18],"the":[19,22,38,45,63,70,80,106,125,128],"safety":[20],"of":[21,40,47,65,72,82,103,127],"systems":[23],"that":[24,88],"rely":[25],"on":[26,75,118],"their":[27,34,56,76],"functionality,":[28],"it":[29],"is":[30],"essential":[31],"to":[32,131,135,154],"validate":[33],"correct":[35],"behaviour":[36,46],"presence":[39],"faults.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"studies":[44],"state-of-the-art":[48],"neural":[49],"network":[50],"models":[51,67,130],"with":[52,139],"fault":[53],"injection":[54],"weights.":[57],"For":[58],"this":[59],"purpose,":[60],"we":[61,84],"analyse":[62],"sensitivity":[64],"these":[66],"and":[68],"identify":[69],"impact":[71],"bit":[73,121],"flips":[74],"accuracy.":[77],"mitigate":[79],"effects":[81],"faults,":[83],"introduce":[85],"two":[86],"mechanisms":[87,142],"leverage":[89],"bit-level":[90],"redundancy":[91],"for":[92],"protection.":[93],"The":[94],"first":[95],"mechanism,":[96],"Fixed":[97],"Protection":[98,109],",":[99,110],"safeguards":[100],"consecutive":[101],"sets":[102],"bits,":[104],"while":[105],"second,":[107],"Variable":[108],"targets":[111],"non-consecutive":[112],"bits.":[113],"Our":[114],"findings":[115],"demonstrate":[116],"that,":[117],"average,":[119],"random":[120],"flip":[122],"faults":[123],"cause":[124],"accuracy":[126,145],"original":[129],"drop":[132],"by":[133],"1.3%":[134],"over":[136],"3%.":[137],"However,":[138],"our":[140],"protection":[141],"place,":[144],"reductions":[146],"significantly":[148],"minimised,":[149],"ranging":[150],"from":[151],"only":[152],"0.0001%":[153],"0.4%.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}