{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2301473744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1594-6","title":"Automatic malware mutant detection and group classification based on the n-gram and clustering coefficient","display_name":"Automatic malware mutant detection and group classification based on the n-gram and clustering coefficient","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2301473744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1594-6","mag":"2301473744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11227-015-1594-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1594-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11227-015-1594-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32326811","display_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","issn_l":"0920-8542","issn":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11227-015-1594-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708875","display_name":"Taejin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3078-3459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122441","display_name":"National Information Society Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hjfaw18","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122441"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taejin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Internet and Security Agency, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Internet and Security Agency, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065185997","display_name":"Bomin Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122441","display_name":"National Information Society Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hjfaw18","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122441"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bomin Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Internet and Security Agency, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Internet and Security Agency, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102324021","display_name":"Youngsang Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122441","display_name":"National Information Society Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hjfaw18","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122441"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngsang Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Internet and Security Agency, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Internet and Security Agency, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078627842","display_name":"Jin Kwak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6931-2705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security, College of Information Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security, College of Information Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078627842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.8527,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75822368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"8","first_page":"3489","last_page":"3503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.9630067348480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8441014289855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6758506894111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.6486806869506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-analysis","display_name":"Malware analysis","score":0.6479596495628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5138481259346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45244473218917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.4408622980117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.44023776054382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4226098358631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40267422795295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2395888864994049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22152921557426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.060844242572784424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.9630067348480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8441014289855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6758506894111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.6486806869506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.6479596495628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5138481259346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45244473218917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.4408622980117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.44023776054382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4226098358631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40267422795295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2395888864994049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22152921557426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.060844242572784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11227-015-1594-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1594-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11227-015-1594-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32326811","display_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","issn_l":"0920-8542","issn":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11227-015-1594-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1594-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11227-015-1594-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32326811","display_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","issn_l":"0920-8542","issn":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Supercomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2301473744.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2301473744.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110909300","https://openalex.org/W1258780651","https://openalex.org/W1525120920","https://openalex.org/W1573526548","https://openalex.org/W1587106557","https://openalex.org/W1851403712","https://openalex.org/W1916732574","https://openalex.org/W2065311994","https://openalex.org/W2065339563","https://openalex.org/W2068211976","https://openalex.org/W2127969088","https://openalex.org/W2132874238","https://openalex.org/W2148542813","https://openalex.org/W2154529672","https://openalex.org/W2159275560","https://openalex.org/W2204544304","https://openalex.org/W2504743195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469507153","https://openalex.org/W2008790809","https://openalex.org/W4285507391","https://openalex.org/W3022706011","https://openalex.org/W2507496997","https://openalex.org/W2610659201","https://openalex.org/W3107556205","https://openalex.org/W4234891089","https://openalex.org/W2805262980","https://openalex.org/W2067547021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"majority":[1],"of":[2,19,42,50,76,110,116,123,129,133],"recent":[3],"cyber":[4],"incidents":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"caused":[8],"by":[9,15,82],"malware.":[10,52,77],"According":[11],"to":[12,36,97],"a":[13,117],"report":[14],"Symantec,":[16],"an":[17,134],"average":[18],"one":[20],"million":[21],"malicious":[22,45,87],"codes":[23,46],"is":[24],"found":[25],"daily.":[26],"Automated":[27],"static":[28],"and":[29,64,69,126],"dynamic":[30],"analysis":[31,109,115,128],"technologies":[32],"are":[33,47],"generally":[34],"applied":[35],"cope":[37],"with":[38],"this,":[39],"but":[40],"most":[41],"the":[43,48,62,73,104,107,113,120,127,130],"new":[44,111],"mutants":[49,68],"existing":[51],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"we":[56],"present":[57],"technology":[58,91],"that":[59,70],"automatically":[60,71],"detects":[61],"n-gram":[63],"clustering":[65],"coefficient-based":[66],"malware":[67,98,118],"groups":[72],"different":[74],"types":[75],"We":[78],"verified":[79],"our":[80],"system":[81],"applying":[83],"more":[84,93],"than":[85,94],"2600":[86],"codes.":[88],"Our":[89],"proposed":[90],"does":[92],"just":[95],"respond":[96],"as":[99],"it":[100],"can":[101],"also":[102],"provide":[103],"ground":[105],"for":[106],"effective":[108],"malware,":[112,125],"trend":[114,132],"group,":[119],"automatic":[121],"identification":[122],"specific":[124],"estimated":[131],"attacker.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
