{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417530193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4","title":"Beyond openness: inclusiveness and usability of Chinese scholarly data in OpenAlex","display_name":"Beyond openness: inclusiveness and usability of Chinese scholarly data in OpenAlex","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417530193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-9677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Science, Technology & Education Assessment (CSTEA), School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","Center for Studies of Information Resources, School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","Centre for R&D Monitoring (ECOOM), Department of MSI, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-9677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Science, Technology & Education Assessment (CSTEA), School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Studies of Information Resources, School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for R&D Monitoring (ECOOM), Department of MSI, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhe Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-2013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Science, Technology & Education Assessment (CSTEA), School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","Center for Studies of Information Resources, School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-2013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Science, Technology & Education Assessment (CSTEA), School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Studies of Information Resources, School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-8834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088738","display_name":"Wanfang Data (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00502tg50","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088738","https://openalex.org/I4210120069","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Wanfang Data Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-8834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Wanfang Data Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nees Jan van Eck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-4521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nees Jan van Eck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-4521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210088738","https://openalex.org/I43922553","https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01108518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"131","issue":"6","first_page":"4131","last_page":"4150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.3025999963283539,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.3025999963283539,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.2567000091075897,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.1623000055551529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.7663999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scholarly-communication","display_name":"Scholarly communication","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discipline","display_name":"Discipline","score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.3822000026702881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7663999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6819000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7432048","display_name":"Scholarly communication","level":3,"score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4943000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780535194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309901","display_name":"Open data","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778531742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009281","display_name":"Discoverability","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69075417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515701","display_name":"Linked data","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91632574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15088675","display_name":"Data curation","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158746014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17085509","display_name":"Data management plan","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.16339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.16339","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.16339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.16339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.16339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-026-05664-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G896139668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72374160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417530193.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417530193.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"OpenAlex,":[1],"launched":[2],"in":[3,156],"2022":[4],"as":[5,59,109,143],"a":[6,60],"fully":[7],"open":[8,187],"scholarly":[9,183],"data":[10,168],"source,":[11],"promises":[12],"greater":[13],"inclusiveness":[14,153],"compared":[15],"to":[16,49,177],"traditional":[17],"proprietary":[18],"databases.":[19],"This":[20],"study":[21],"evaluates":[22],"whether":[23],"OpenAlex":[24,83],"delivers":[25],"on":[26],"that":[27,82],"promise":[28],"by":[29],"examining":[30],"its":[31],"coverage":[32,129],"and":[33,39,56,72,75,90,98,111,120,132,154,159,174],"metadata":[34,78,175],"quality":[35,102],"for":[36,150,166],"Chinese-language":[37,140],"journals":[38,89],"their":[40,93],"articles.":[41],"Using":[42],"the":[43,50,179],"2023":[44],"edition":[45],"of":[46,53,77,87,92,181],"A":[47],"Guide":[48],"Core":[51],"Journals":[52],"China":[54],"(GCJC)":[55],"Wanfang":[57],"Data":[58],"benchmark,":[61],"we":[62],"analyze":[63],"three":[64],"aspects:":[65],"(1)":[66],"journal-level":[67],"coverage,":[68,71],"(2)":[69],"article-level":[70],"(3)":[73],"completeness":[74],"accuracy":[76],"fields.":[79],"Results":[80],"show":[81],"indexes":[84],"only":[85],"37%":[86],"GCJC":[88],"24%":[91],"articles,":[94],"with":[95,138,164],"substantial":[96],"disciplinary":[97],"temporal":[99],"variation.":[100],"Metadata":[101],"is":[103,130,135],"uneven:":[104],"while":[105],"basic":[106],"fields":[107],"such":[108],"title":[110],"publication":[112],"year":[113],"are":[114,123],"complete,":[115],"bibliographic":[116],"details,":[117],"author":[118],"affiliations,":[119],"cited":[121],"references":[122],"frequently":[124],"missing":[125],"or":[126],"inaccurate.":[127],"DOI":[128,171],"limited,":[131],"language":[133],"information":[134],"often":[136],"incorrect,":[137],"most":[139],"articles":[141],"labeled":[142],"English.":[144],"These":[145],"findings":[146],"highlight":[147],"significant":[148],"challenges":[149],"achieving":[151],"full":[152],"usability":[155],"research":[157],"evaluation":[158],"related":[160],"activities.":[161],"We":[162],"conclude":[163],"recommendations":[165],"improving":[167],"aggregation":[169],"strategies,":[170],"registration":[172],"practices,":[173],"standardization":[176],"enhance":[178],"integration":[180],"local":[182],"outputs":[184],"into":[185],"global":[186],"infrastructures.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-12-21T00:00:00"}