{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206245549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y","title":"Making the most of world talent for science? The Nobel Prize and Fields Medal experience","display_name":"Making the most of world talent for science? The Nobel Prize and Fields Medal experience","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206245549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037613897","display_name":"Juan Gabriel Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-8789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117526","display_name":"Unidades Centrales Cient\u00edfico-T\u00e9cnicas","ror":"https://ror.org/01wdt4y78","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210117526","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Gabriel Rodr\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economic Analysis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","ICAE, EQUALITAS and CEDESOG, Office 3.10, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-8789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic Analysis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAE, EQUALITAS and CEDESOG, Office 3.10, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037613897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210117526"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.3036,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81654821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"127","issue":"2","first_page":"813","last_page":"847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9264000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medal","display_name":"Medal","score":0.9165645837783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excellence","display_name":"Excellence","score":0.8154854774475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5507071614265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.4669177532196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.44772911071777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4260958433151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-science","display_name":"Sports science","score":0.4130333960056305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.37111929059028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.1474820077419281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11308881640434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-history","display_name":"Art history","score":0.09188506007194519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777867650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131647","display_name":"Medal","level":2,"score":0.9165645837783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419420","display_name":"Excellence","level":2,"score":0.8154854774475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5507071614265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4669177532196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.44772911071777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4260958433151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33313701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298380","display_name":"Sports science","level":2,"score":0.4130333960056305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37111929059028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.1474820077419281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11308881640434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.09188506007194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:scient:v:127:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s11192-021-04236-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ucm.es:70258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/70258/1/Rodr%C3%ADguez2022_Article_MakingTheMostOfWorldTalentForS.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400298","display_name":"Library Open Repository (Universidad Complutense Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","host_organization_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-021-04236-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1366579372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2019/HUM-5793-OPINBI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690828678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4923023682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2019/HUM-5793-OPINBI-CM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5422090673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2019/HUM-5793","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7012285996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104619RB-C42","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G826353267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104619RB-C42","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309070","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315877","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321585","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206245549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206245549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497100241","https://openalex.org/W1583421555","https://openalex.org/W1595097799","https://openalex.org/W2045548642","https://openalex.org/W2052139061","https://openalex.org/W2068894180","https://openalex.org/W2080293167","https://openalex.org/W2105797217","https://openalex.org/W2129385606","https://openalex.org/W2142161268","https://openalex.org/W2150606840","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2167762156","https://openalex.org/W2170200003","https://openalex.org/W2172168186","https://openalex.org/W2409991864","https://openalex.org/W2481882934","https://openalex.org/W2506502424","https://openalex.org/W2587092266","https://openalex.org/W2750722266","https://openalex.org/W2896704447","https://openalex.org/W3121722162","https://openalex.org/W3123306174","https://openalex.org/W3124253902","https://openalex.org/W3150908646","https://openalex.org/W3165064679","https://openalex.org/W4230729143","https://openalex.org/W4235275968","https://openalex.org/W4248434746","https://openalex.org/W4298863114","https://openalex.org/W6634734829","https://openalex.org/W6644756125","https://openalex.org/W6656037561","https://openalex.org/W6788975798","https://openalex.org/W6991932120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915817708","https://openalex.org/W3025210399","https://openalex.org/W2993887332","https://openalex.org/W2039047710","https://openalex.org/W765270965","https://openalex.org/W2025911571","https://openalex.org/W1983506069","https://openalex.org/W2050260047","https://openalex.org/W4243736120","https://openalex.org/W2019377095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Opportunities":[1],"in":[2,72,87,115,124,141,160,162],"science":[3,116,142],"largely":[4],"affect":[5],"the":[6,35,38,41,50,56,59,73,90,106,118,144,153],"accumulation":[7],"of":[8,20,23,40,53,58,80,92,113],"scientific":[9],"knowledge":[10],"and,":[11],"therefore,":[12],"technological":[13],"change.":[14],"However,":[15],"there":[16],"is":[17,26],"little":[18],"evidence":[19],"how":[21],"much":[22],"people\u2019s":[24],"talent":[25],"actually":[27],"wasted.":[28],"Here":[29],"we":[30],"focus":[31],"on":[32],"scientists":[33,54],"with":[34,102,164],"highest":[36,119,145],"performance,":[37],"recipients":[39],"Nobel":[42],"Prize":[43],"and":[44,89,129],"Fields":[45],"Medal.":[46],"We":[47],"found":[48],"that":[49,158],"average":[51],"age":[52],"at":[55,117,143],"time":[57],"breakthrough":[60],"was":[61,121],"higher":[62,122],"for":[63,100],"researchers":[64],"from":[65],"less":[66],"developed":[67],"countries.":[68],"Moreover,":[69],"individual":[70],"opportunities":[71,140,159],"world":[74],"were":[75],"extremely":[76],"unequal":[77],"by":[78],"country":[79],"birth,":[81],"gender":[82],"significantly":[83],"conditioned":[84],"any":[85],"participation":[86],"research,":[88],"probability":[91],"becoming":[93],"a":[94],"top":[95],"researcher":[96],"more":[97],"than":[98,123],"doubled":[99],"individuals":[101],"parents":[103],"belonging":[104],"to":[105,152],"most":[107],"favoured":[108],"occupational":[109],"categories.":[110],"Thus,":[111],"inequality":[112],"opportunity":[114],"level":[120,146],"sports":[125],"excellence":[126],"(Olympic":[127],"medals)":[128],"educational":[130],"attainment.":[131],"These":[132],"findings":[133],"would":[134],"not":[135],"be":[136],"so":[137],"negative":[138],"if":[139],"had":[147],"increased":[148],"over":[149],"time.":[150],"Contrary":[151],"expectations,":[154],"our":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"science,":[161],"contrast":[163],"humanities,":[165],"have":[166],"stagnated.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}