{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034717099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","title":"Math-word embedding in math search and semantic extraction","display_name":"Math-word embedding in math search and semantic extraction","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034717099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","mag":"3034717099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029478950","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Greiner-Petter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-5497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Greiner-Petter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111635384","display_name":"Abdou Youssef","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdou Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","The George Washington University, Washington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081763922","display_name":"Terry Ruas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-780X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Ruas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060987883","display_name":"Bruce R. Miller","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce R. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038664667","display_name":"Moritz Schubotz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-4997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158675288","display_name":"FIZ Karlsruhe \u2013 Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure","ror":"https://ror.org/0387prb75","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158675288","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Schubotz","raw_affiliation_strings":["FIZ Karlsruhe, Berlin, Germany","University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIZ Karlsruhe, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158675288"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041062417","display_name":"Akiko Aizawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6544-5076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akiko Aizawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058837356","display_name":"B\u00e9la Gipp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-3019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bela Gipp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029478950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":4.335,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95319149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"125","issue":"3","first_page":"3017","last_page":"3046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6265767812728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6041786074638367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5977606177330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.5957298278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.578241229057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.572770357131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.5604547262191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5284221768379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5086610913276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5039662718772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.4536031484603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.4383707344532013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-semantic-analysis","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","score":0.43043655157089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4187837243080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2957737147808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2432817816734314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6265767812728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6041786074638367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5977606177330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.5957298278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.578241229057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.572770357131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.5604547262191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5284221768379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5086610913276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5039662718772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.4536031484603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.4383707344532013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170133592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806883","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","level":2,"score":0.43043655157089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4187837243080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2957737147808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2432817816734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:scient:v:125:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s11192-020-03502-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/106658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/106658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal_article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-020-03502-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6424705771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GI-1259-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8928656450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projekt DEAL","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034717099.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034717099.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47772096","https://openalex.org/W168564468","https://openalex.org/W205387831","https://openalex.org/W805409296","https://openalex.org/W1010415138","https://openalex.org/W1553277444","https://openalex.org/W1557757161","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1826195249","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1840435438","https://openalex.org/W1970180442","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2145821079","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2158847908","https://openalex.org/W2162456950","https://openalex.org/W2164547069","https://openalex.org/W2250418535","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250954350","https://openalex.org/W2251599843","https://openalex.org/W2251682575","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2337021505","https://openalex.org/W2340997632","https://openalex.org/W2396820472","https://openalex.org/W2400955359","https://openalex.org/W2401312310","https://openalex.org/W2484648951","https://openalex.org/W2490986620","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2518202280","https://openalex.org/W2537515450","https://openalex.org/W2542768043","https://openalex.org/W2567035470","https://openalex.org/W2593693177","https://openalex.org/W2594866016","https://openalex.org/W2595718889","https://openalex.org/W2607300742","https://openalex.org/W2608787653","https://openalex.org/W2611669587","https://openalex.org/W2724771389","https://openalex.org/W2728311734","https://openalex.org/W2737236965","https://openalex.org/W2740714844","https://openalex.org/W2740765036","https://openalex.org/W2749818730","https://openalex.org/W2750996137","https://openalex.org/W2756386045","https://openalex.org/W2757205734","https://openalex.org/W2760718273","https://openalex.org/W2797867514","https://openalex.org/W2891177506","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2900979343","https://openalex.org/W2945597847","https://openalex.org/W2949547296","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W2950813464","https://openalex.org/W2953413383","https://openalex.org/W2962718483","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963514026","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2963642516","https://openalex.org/W2963695529","https://openalex.org/W2963706278","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963769536","https://openalex.org/W2964003257","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2964222246","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2991288446","https://openalex.org/W3023556039","https://openalex.org/W3098090436","https://openalex.org/W3099023595","https://openalex.org/W3099633411","https://openalex.org/W4242592538","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292657350","https://openalex.org/W4302372504","https://openalex.org/W6638689138","https://openalex.org/W6680532216","https://openalex.org/W6684151790","https://openalex.org/W6713259660","https://openalex.org/W6735020992","https://openalex.org/W6740356705","https://openalex.org/W6743790558","https://openalex.org/W6749867702","https://openalex.org/W7033535967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152143533","https://openalex.org/W3016822073","https://openalex.org/W1984061923","https://openalex.org/W2966570129","https://openalex.org/W2152164004","https://openalex.org/W3099449837","https://openalex.org/W2626769217","https://openalex.org/W2774861092","https://openalex.org/W4301351852","https://openalex.org/W2622845166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Word":[1],"embedding,":[2,116],"which":[3],"represents":[4],"individual":[5],"words":[6],"with":[7,104],"semantically":[8],"fixed-length":[9],"vectors,":[10],"has":[11],"made":[12],"it":[13,73,117,149],"possible":[14],"to":[15,20,61,84,120,192],"successfully":[16],"apply":[17],"deep":[18],"learning":[19,90],"natural":[21,39],"language":[22,134],"processing":[23,135],"tasks":[24],"such":[25,131],"as":[26,41,43,132],"semantic":[27,137,182],"role-modeling,":[28],"question":[29],"answering,":[30],"and":[31,51,70,79,108,124,136,180,208,243,261],"machine":[32,89,279],"translation.":[33],"As":[34],"math":[35,44,62,127,133,145,175,189,235,255],"text":[36],"consists":[37],"of":[38,88,167,195,205,216,223,228,278],"text,":[40],"well":[42],"expressions":[45],"that":[46,170,234,265],"similarly":[47],"exhibit":[48],"linear":[49],"correlation":[50],"contextual":[52],"characteristics,":[53],"word":[54,115],"embedding":[55,146,236,256],"techniques":[56],"can":[57],"also":[58,248],"be":[59],"applied":[60],"documents.":[63],"However,":[64,246],"while":[65],"mathematics":[66],"is":[67,74,118],"a":[68,172],"precise":[69],"accurate":[71,81],"science,":[72],"usually":[75],"expressed":[76],"through":[77],"imprecise":[78],"less":[80],"descriptions,":[82],"contributing":[83],"the":[85,165,168,193,202,213,250,269,276],"relative":[86],"dearth":[87],"applications":[91],"for":[92,188,240,252],"information":[93,128,273],"retrieval":[94,129,274],"in":[95,114,126,271,275],"this":[96,141],"domain.":[97],"Generally,":[98],"mathematical":[99,224,272],"documents":[100,207],"communicate":[101],"their":[102,122],"knowledge":[103,138],"an":[105],"ambiguous,":[106],"context-dependent,":[107],"non-formal":[109],"language.":[110],"Given":[111],"recent":[112],"advances":[113],"worthwhile":[119],"explore":[121,144,260],"use":[123],"effectiveness":[125],"tasks,":[130],"extraction.":[139],"In":[140],"paper,":[142],"we":[143,247,259,266],"by":[147],"testing":[148],"on":[150,164,212],"several":[151],"different":[152],"scenarios,":[153],"namely,":[154],"(1)":[155],"math-term":[156],"similarity,":[157,241],"(2)":[158],"analogy,":[159,242],"(3)":[160],"numerical":[161],"concept-modeling":[162],"based":[163],"centroid":[166],"keywords":[169],"characterize":[171],"concept,":[173],"(4)":[174],"search":[176,244],"using":[177,201],"query":[178],"expansions,":[179],"(5)":[181],"extraction,":[183],"i.e.,":[184],"extracting":[185],"descriptive":[186],"phrases":[187],"expressions.":[190],"Due":[191],"lack":[194],"benchmarks,":[196],"our":[197],"investigations":[198],"were":[199],"performed":[200],"arXiv":[203],"collection":[204],"STEM":[206],"carefully":[209],"selected":[210],"illustrations":[211],"Digital":[214],"Library":[215],"Mathematical":[217],"Functions":[218],"(DLMF:":[219],"NIST":[220],"digital":[221],"library":[222],"functions.":[225],"Release":[226],"1.0.20":[227],"2018-09-1,":[229],"2018).":[230],"Our":[231],"results":[232],"show":[233],"holds":[237],"much":[238],"promise":[239],"tasks.":[245],"observed":[249],"need":[251],"more":[253],"robust":[254],"approaches.":[257],"Moreover,":[258],"discuss":[262],"fundamental":[263],"issues":[264],"believe":[267],"thwart":[268],"progress":[270],"direction":[277],"learning.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}