{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972809641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","title":"The relationship between usage and citations in an open access mega-journal","display_name":"The relationship between usage and citations in an open access mega-journal","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972809641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","mag":"2972809641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062737501","display_name":"Barbara McGillivray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barbara McGillivray","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009671562","display_name":"Mathias Astell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-494X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","display_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rt9z237","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathias Astell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hindawi Limited, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hindawi Limited, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062737501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210128584"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":2.4908,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92057832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":"2","first_page":"817","last_page":"838"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14487","display_name":"Science and Science Education","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13166","display_name":"Information Science and Libraries","score":0.9097999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wilcoxon-signed-rank-test","display_name":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test","score":0.7721225023269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.7164347171783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.6608120203018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mega","display_name":"Mega-","score":0.5713240504264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spearmans-rank-correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Spearman's rank correlation coefficient","score":0.4977996349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.48358744382858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.47209566831588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidisciplinary-approach","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","score":0.45558294653892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3916424512863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3569442927837372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.246244877576828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20472875237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.136796772480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mann\u2013whitney-u-test","display_name":"Mann\u2013Whitney U test","score":0.11903280019760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.10875198245048523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206041023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751970","display_name":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test","level":3,"score":0.7721225023269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7164347171783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.6608120203018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781078984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205","display_name":"Mega-","level":2,"score":0.5713240504264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159744936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126730","display_name":"Spearman's rank correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4977996349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.48358744382858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47209566831588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.45558294653892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3916424512863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3569442927837372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.246244877576828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20472875237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.136796772480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12868164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424533","display_name":"Mann\u2013Whitney U test","level":2,"score":0.11903280019760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10875198245048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1902.01333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01333","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01333","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:scient:v:121:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s11192-019-03228-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/296722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/296722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/310224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/310224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.43765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.43765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.57311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.57311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03228-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1633672591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3855435662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500485203","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8583665056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/ N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8597009950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","display_name":"Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972809641.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972809641.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134224908","https://openalex.org/W1495556658","https://openalex.org/W1784280640","https://openalex.org/W1965634478","https://openalex.org/W1968952896","https://openalex.org/W1970217003","https://openalex.org/W1976620368","https://openalex.org/W1989301895","https://openalex.org/W1993592210","https://openalex.org/W1996515099","https://openalex.org/W2002034968","https://openalex.org/W2003844967","https://openalex.org/W2015134878","https://openalex.org/W2019388258","https://openalex.org/W2026273736","https://openalex.org/W2037124948","https://openalex.org/W2048185449","https://openalex.org/W2049770399","https://openalex.org/W2071931474","https://openalex.org/W2072840758","https://openalex.org/W2082264049","https://openalex.org/W2086496065","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2119459671","https://openalex.org/W2142747412","https://openalex.org/W2144925873","https://openalex.org/W2153183607","https://openalex.org/W2160597895","https://openalex.org/W2168201538","https://openalex.org/W2171420994","https://openalex.org/W2292787617","https://openalex.org/W2502740306","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2590228989","https://openalex.org/W2597211779","https://openalex.org/W4229617755","https://openalex.org/W4230143263","https://openalex.org/W4250545246","https://openalex.org/W4252123054","https://openalex.org/W4252321708","https://openalex.org/W4256256913","https://openalex.org/W4300870773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385584191","https://openalex.org/W3112226121","https://openalex.org/W4236374681","https://openalex.org/W2620564079","https://openalex.org/W176919399","https://openalex.org/W1965291129","https://openalex.org/W3197304306","https://openalex.org/W4212970993","https://openalex.org/W4392841448","https://openalex.org/W2067732724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"How":[1],"do":[2],"the":[3,10,21,45,60,104,114,129,150,162,168,189,216,234,237],"level":[4],"of":[5,7,12,23,38,66,89,92,106,109,116,119,177,236,240],"usage":[6,14,39,83,160,187],"an":[8,35,63],"article,":[9],"timeframe":[11],"its":[13,16],"and":[15,40,69,82,97,113,143,165,182],"subject":[17],"area":[18],"relate":[19],"to":[20,30,196,212],"number":[22],"citations":[24,108,118,166,214],"it":[25,243],"accrues?":[26],"This":[27,53],"paper":[28],"aims":[29],"answer":[31],"this":[32,227,241],"question":[33],"through":[34],"observational":[36,54],"study":[37,55],"citation":[41,77,93,200],"data":[42],"collected":[43],"about":[44],"multidisciplinary,":[46],"open":[47],"access":[48],"mega-journal":[49],"Scientific":[50,134],"Reports":[51,135],".":[52],"answers":[56],"these":[57],"questions":[58],"using":[59,128],"following":[61],"methods:":[62],"overlap":[64],"analysis":[65],"most":[67,95],"read":[68,96],"top-cited":[70],"articles;":[71,99],"Spearman":[72],"correlation":[73,158,175],"tests":[74],"between":[75,159],"total":[76,107,117],"counts":[78],"over":[79,84],"two":[80,170,218],"years":[81,171,219],"various":[85],"timeframes;":[86],"a":[87,100,137,156],"comparison":[88],"first":[90,163,169,190,199,217],"months":[91,192],"for":[94],"all":[98,120,141],"Wilcoxon":[101],"test":[102],"on":[103,233],"distribution":[105,115],"early":[110],"cited":[111],"articles":[112,184],"other":[121,238],"articles.":[122],"All":[123],"analyses":[124],"were":[125],"performed":[126],"in":[127,161,167,188,215],"programming":[130],"language":[131],"R.":[132],"As":[133,226],"is":[136,209,230],"multidisciplinary":[138],"journal":[139],"covering":[140],"natural":[142],"clinical":[144],"sciences,":[145],"we":[146],"also":[147,210],"looked":[148],"at":[149],"differences":[151],"across":[152],"subjects.":[153],"We":[154],"found":[155],"moderate":[157],"year":[164],"since":[172],"publication":[173],"(Spearman":[174],"coefficient":[176],"0.49,":[178],"\u03b1":[179],"=":[180,203,221],"0.05),":[181],"that":[183],"with":[185],"high":[186],"six":[191],"are":[193],"more":[194],"likely":[195],"have":[197],"their":[198],"earlier":[201],"(Wilcoxon":[202,220],"1,811,500,":[204],"p":[205,223],"<":[206,224],"0.0001),":[207],"which":[208],"related":[211],"higher":[213],"8,071,200,":[222],"0.0001).":[225],"final":[228],"assertion":[229],"inferred":[231],"based":[232],"results":[235],"elements":[239],"paper,":[242],"would":[244],"require":[245],"further":[246],"analysis.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}