{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913248449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","title":"How well does I3 perform for impact measurement compared to other bibliometric indicators? The convergent validity of several (field-normalized) indicators","display_name":"How well does I3 perform for impact measurement compared to other bibliometric indicators? The convergent validity of several (field-normalized) indicators","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913248449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","mag":"2913248449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027052270","display_name":"Lutz Bornmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-7091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086037","display_name":"Max Planck Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0v0049","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210086037"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lutz Bornmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division for Science and Innovation Studies, Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society, Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-7091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division for Science and Innovation Studies, Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society, Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086037","https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075783656","display_name":"Alexander Tekles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8765-9331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086037","display_name":"Max Planck Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0v0049","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210086037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Tekles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Konradstr. 6, 80801, Munich, Germany","Division for Science and Innovation Studies, Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society, Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Konradstr. 6, 80801, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division for Science and Innovation Studies, Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society, Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086037","https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024996172","display_name":"Loet Leydesdorff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loet Leydesdorff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15793, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15793, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027052270"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210086037"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.1298,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82413771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"119","issue":"2","first_page":"1187","last_page":"1205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bibliometrics","display_name":"Bibliometrics","score":0.7491667866706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percentile","display_name":"Percentile","score":0.7170994877815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percentile-rank","display_name":"Percentile rank","score":0.6920307278633118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.6917434334754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-impact","display_name":"Citation impact","score":0.6432424187660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5539160370826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-analysis","display_name":"Citation analysis","score":0.5229964256286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4791224002838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4773864150047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-factor","display_name":"Impact factor","score":0.4337015450000763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41451019048690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3997844159603119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.34185174107551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.23919677734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.11662876605987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.10872602462768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09519794583320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.06867918372154236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.7491667866706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.7170994877815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94353045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13200112","display_name":"Percentile rank","level":3,"score":0.6920307278633118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6917434334754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778793908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5122404","display_name":"Citation impact","level":3,"score":0.6432424187660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5539160370826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.5229964256286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4791224002838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4773864150047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5330","display_name":"Impact factor","level":2,"score":0.4337015450000763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41451019048690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3997844159603119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.34185174107551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.23919677734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.11662876605987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.10872602462768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09519794583320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.06867918372154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:scient:v:119:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s11192-019-03071-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11192-019-03071-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913248449.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913248449.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W767067438","https://openalex.org/W1201749067","https://openalex.org/W1492511362","https://openalex.org/W1966024011","https://openalex.org/W1974757460","https://openalex.org/W1978868011","https://openalex.org/W1980233487","https://openalex.org/W1980902933","https://openalex.org/W2007591921","https://openalex.org/W2017933882","https://openalex.org/W2025871294","https://openalex.org/W2029391677","https://openalex.org/W2037124948","https://openalex.org/W2041165234","https://openalex.org/W2042990063","https://openalex.org/W2050524575","https://openalex.org/W2054101970","https://openalex.org/W2054988762","https://openalex.org/W2061312249","https://openalex.org/W2066884817","https://openalex.org/W2068452509","https://openalex.org/W2070242399","https://openalex.org/W2071113256","https://openalex.org/W2079536629","https://openalex.org/W2087876208","https://openalex.org/W2089466924","https://openalex.org/W2092142860","https://openalex.org/W2092580679","https://openalex.org/W2096869410","https://openalex.org/W2105806663","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2110805992","https://openalex.org/W2118839838","https://openalex.org/W2120262090","https://openalex.org/W2124689612","https://openalex.org/W2129513604","https://openalex.org/W2133928412","https://openalex.org/W2149800516","https://openalex.org/W2150215273","https://openalex.org/W2150455238","https://openalex.org/W2163887529","https://openalex.org/W2164146029","https://openalex.org/W2165235748","https://openalex.org/W2168160236","https://openalex.org/W2172025811","https://openalex.org/W2217890970","https://openalex.org/W2401645159","https://openalex.org/W2473644846","https://openalex.org/W2591659376","https://openalex.org/W2623408854","https://openalex.org/W2735746908","https://openalex.org/W2796228621","https://openalex.org/W2888786548","https://openalex.org/W2929775643","https://openalex.org/W2952770650","https://openalex.org/W2953304564","https://openalex.org/W2962925905","https://openalex.org/W2964008142","https://openalex.org/W3100548223","https://openalex.org/W3100614207","https://openalex.org/W3103443220","https://openalex.org/W3122318688","https://openalex.org/W4234189662","https://openalex.org/W4241081299","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300870773","https://openalex.org/W7046139595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917728557","https://openalex.org/W2346158230","https://openalex.org/W2735115653","https://openalex.org/W3158243680","https://openalex.org/W2904800587","https://openalex.org/W2285613965","https://openalex.org/W2162430746","https://openalex.org/W2019021555","https://openalex.org/W2744205540","https://openalex.org/W2743665320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"the":[1,17,73,76,103,109,132,151,179,195,215,220,225],"integrated":[2],"impact":[3,62],"indicator":[4,77,199,226],"(":[5],"I3":[6,29,113,119,126,128,206],")":[7],"was":[8],"introduced":[9],"where":[10,127],"citations":[11],"are":[12,49,55],"weighted":[13],"in":[14,24,42,102,235],"accordance":[15],"with":[16,146],"percentile":[18],"rank":[19],"class":[20],"of":[21,27,75,83,112,125,134,174,214],"each":[22],"publication":[23],"a":[25,35,94,229],"set":[26],"publications.":[28],"can":[30],"also":[31],"be":[32,228],"used":[33],"as":[34,85,140,209],"field-normalized":[36,217],"indicator.":[37],"Field-normalization":[38],"is":[39,63,93,129],"common":[40],"practice":[41],"bibliometrics,":[43],"especially":[44],"when":[45],"institutions":[46],"and":[47,52,142,165,172],"countries":[48],"compared.":[50],"Publication":[51],"citation":[53,61,153,157,168,170],"practices":[54],"so":[56],"different":[57,203],"among":[58,202],"fields":[59],"that":[60,194,224],"normalized":[64,159],"for":[65,99],"cross-field":[66],"comparisons.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69,115],"study,":[70,116],"we":[71,107,117],"test":[72,108,118],"ability":[74],"to":[78,178,232],"discriminate":[79],"between":[80],"quality":[81,204],"levels":[82],"papers":[84,101,175,185],"defined":[86],"by":[87,131,138,160],"Faculty":[88],"members":[89],"at":[90],"F1000Prime.":[91],"F1000Prime":[92],"post-publication":[95],"peer":[96],"review":[97],"system":[98],"assessing":[100],"biomedical":[104],"area.":[105],"Thus,":[106,219],"convergent":[110],"validity":[111,145],"(in":[114],"/":[120],"N":[121],"\u2014the":[122],"size-independent":[123],"variant":[124],"divided":[130],"number":[133],"papers)":[135],"using":[136],"assessments":[137],"peers":[139],"baseline":[141],"compare":[143],"its":[144],"several":[147],"other":[148,216,233],"(field-normalized)":[149],"indicators:":[150],"mean-normalized":[152],"score,":[154,169],"relative-citation":[155],"ratio,":[156],"score":[158],"cited":[161,184],"references,":[162],"characteristic":[163],"scores":[164],"scales,":[166],"source-normalized":[167],"percentile,":[171],"proportion":[173],"which":[176],"belong":[177],"x":[180,188],"%":[181,189],"most":[182,213],"frequently":[183],"(PP":[186],"top":[187,197],").":[190],"The":[191],"results":[192,221],"show":[193],"PP":[196],"1%":[198],"discriminates":[200],"best":[201],"levels.":[205],"performs":[207],"similar":[208],"(slightly":[210],"better":[211],"than)":[212],"indicators.":[218],"point":[222],"out":[223],"could":[227],"valuable":[230],"alternative":[231],"indicators":[234],"bibliometrics.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}