{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125812817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8","title":"A systematic encoding of the quadratic assignment problem onto Rydberg arrays","display_name":"A systematic encoding of the quadratic assignment problem onto Rydberg arrays","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125812817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123885954","display_name":"Nathan Daly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Daly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, 460 McBryde Hall, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, 460 McBryde Hall, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123937376","display_name":"Thomas Krauss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097063","display_name":"Sunset Laboratory (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01021jx78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097063"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Krauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["I/ONX High Performance Compute, 8400 Sunset, Las Vegas, NV, 94043, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"I/ONX High Performance Compute, 8400 Sunset, Las Vegas, NV, 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097063"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123893887","display_name":"Julia Shapiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, 460 McBryde Hall, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, 460 McBryde Hall, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123885954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":2040,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2040,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19405063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.2101999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.2101999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13362","display_name":"Slime Mold and Myxomycetes Research","score":0.1256999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.11509999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-assignment-problem","display_name":"Quadratic assignment problem","score":0.8888999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5874999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assignment-problem","display_name":"Assignment problem","score":0.5814999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-assignment-problem","display_name":"Generalized assignment problem","score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weapon-target-assignment-problem","display_name":"Weapon target assignment problem","score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98036226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268356","display_name":"Quadratic assignment problem","level":3,"score":0.8888999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5874999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85044808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620614","display_name":"Assignment problem","level":2,"score":0.5814999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532462","display_name":"Generalized assignment problem","level":3,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30202268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978065","display_name":"Weapon target assignment problem","level":4,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779521423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3855646","display_name":"Combinatorial method","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165810428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553416","display_name":"Linear bottleneck assignment problem","level":5,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70747811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661248","display_name":"Rydberg formula","level":4,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50942859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967193","display_name":"Rectification","level":3,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19754495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3435924","display_name":"Computational problem","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Efficient algorithm","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109275537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154420","display_name":"Subset sum problem","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-026-05066-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G628962242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00174-22-1-0030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125812817.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125812817.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34399546","https://openalex.org/W2004229681","https://openalex.org/W2013603106","https://openalex.org/W2014586701","https://openalex.org/W2015206516","https://openalex.org/W2058755201","https://openalex.org/W2061796216","https://openalex.org/W2066883591","https://openalex.org/W2068671103","https://openalex.org/W2070223281","https://openalex.org/W2083354866","https://openalex.org/W2084512390","https://openalex.org/W2085912508","https://openalex.org/W2092337239","https://openalex.org/W2099277972","https://openalex.org/W2158000927","https://openalex.org/W2793371964","https://openalex.org/W2889426946","https://openalex.org/W2999029452","https://openalex.org/W3115562073","https://openalex.org/W3117469420","https://openalex.org/W3121235808","https://openalex.org/W4236958722","https://openalex.org/W4284967091","https://openalex.org/W4320724826","https://openalex.org/W4386476170"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,20],"Quadratic":[2],"Assignment":[3],"Problem":[4],"(QAP)":[5],"is":[6,22],"an":[7,72,81],"NP-hard":[8],"fundamental":[9],"combinatorial":[10],"optimization":[11],"problem":[12,21],"introduced":[13],"by":[14,45],"Koopmans":[15],"and":[16,64,86],"Beckmann":[17],"in":[18],"1957.":[19],"to":[23,27,57,61,70,89],"assign":[24],"n":[25,28],"facilities":[26,43],"different":[29],"locations":[30],"with":[31],"the":[32,36,39,46,51,62,90],"goal":[33],"of":[34,38,53,75],"minimizing":[35],"cost":[37],"total":[40],"distances":[41],"between":[42],"weighted":[44],"corresponding":[47],"flows.":[48],"We":[49,79],"initiate":[50],"study":[52],"using":[54,92],"Rydberg":[55,93],"arrays":[56],"find":[58],"optimal":[59,87],"solutions":[60,88],"QAP":[63,91],"provide":[65,80],"a":[66],"complementing":[67],"circuit":[68],"theory":[69],"facilitate":[71],"easy":[73],"representation":[74],"other":[76],"hard":[77],"problems.":[78],"algorithm":[82],"for":[83],"finding":[84],"valid":[85],"arrays.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}