{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411224830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w","title":"Quantum gate control pulse optimization based on the Adam algorithm","display_name":"Quantum gate control pulse optimization based on the Adam algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411224830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100307250","display_name":"Mengdi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9315-0604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101371315","display_name":"Yue Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101512007","display_name":"Bo Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5100-5600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hanshi Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanshi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107860582","display_name":"G.L. Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geyuyan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701378","display_name":"Lixin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6616-7913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100701378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":{"value":2040,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2040,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"fwci":3.4624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92580064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.8249695301055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5689456462860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4501290023326874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.43537867069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.4276782274246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3803026080131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32860684394836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.19208577275276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18106743693351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1753767430782318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13380402326583862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.8249695301055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5689456462860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4501290023326874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.43537867069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4276782274246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3803026080131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32860684394836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.19208577275276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18106743693351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1753767430782318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13380402326583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-025-04791-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411224830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411224830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67659218","https://openalex.org/W1571271309","https://openalex.org/W1578322733","https://openalex.org/W1978533437","https://openalex.org/W1996303459","https://openalex.org/W2078439793","https://openalex.org/W2118492081","https://openalex.org/W2136265395","https://openalex.org/W2154196599","https://openalex.org/W2166240979","https://openalex.org/W2177899970","https://openalex.org/W2197698711","https://openalex.org/W2909598767","https://openalex.org/W2912290085","https://openalex.org/W2916864215","https://openalex.org/W2942962312","https://openalex.org/W2950805899","https://openalex.org/W2963148318","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2970771982","https://openalex.org/W2982469373","https://openalex.org/W3044438666","https://openalex.org/W3088066299","https://openalex.org/W3092649735","https://openalex.org/W3102951873","https://openalex.org/W3103136354","https://openalex.org/W3128474234","https://openalex.org/W3156844258","https://openalex.org/W3214752443","https://openalex.org/W4293775970","https://openalex.org/W4311434110","https://openalex.org/W4366986563","https://openalex.org/W4377245265","https://openalex.org/W4392369852","https://openalex.org/W4399207709","https://openalex.org/W4400721553","https://openalex.org/W4406525802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W4366549320","https://openalex.org/W4287863136","https://openalex.org/W3006015132","https://openalex.org/W2965078190","https://openalex.org/W4408464351","https://openalex.org/W2140656843","https://openalex.org/W3040644038","https://openalex.org/W3203633096","https://openalex.org/W4309955903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28],"efficient":[1],"implementation":[2],"of":[3,15,23,30,41,93,132,148,185,214],"quantum":[4,10,24,31,133,153,216,221],"computing":[5],"is":[6,18,34],"contingent":[7],"upon":[8],"high-fidelity":[9],"operations.":[11,135],"Nevertheless,":[12],"the":[13,21,38,51,83,91,108,127,140,145,149,158,173,178,181,186,195,211],"fidelity":[14,118,128,164,197,212],"these":[16],"operations":[17],"constrained":[19],"by":[20,166],"precision":[22],"system":[25],"evolution":[26],"control.":[27],"optimization":[29,45,71,79,130,205],"control":[32,222],"pulses":[33],"essential":[35],"for":[36],"improving":[37,126],"manipulation":[39],"accuracy":[40],"superconducting":[42],"qubits.":[43],"Traditional":[44],"methods,":[46],"including":[47],"gradient":[48,52],"descent":[49],"and":[50,64,95,129,160,168],"ascent":[53],"pulse":[54,70],"engineering":[55],"algorithm,":[56],"frequently":[57],"encounter":[58],"challenges":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61],"slow":[62],"convergence":[63,123,183],"susceptibility":[65],"to":[66,111,172,177,193,218],"local":[67],"optima":[68],"in":[69,101,152],"problems.":[72],"This":[73],"study":[74],"introduces":[75],"an":[76],"adaptive":[77,84,96],"open-loop":[78],"algorithm":[80,151],"based":[81],"on":[82,90,107,139],"moment":[85],"estimation":[86],"(Adam)":[87],"optimizer,":[88],"capitalizing":[89],"benefits":[92],"momentum":[94],"learning":[97],"rate":[98],"adjustments":[99],"inherent":[100],"Adam.":[102],"We":[103],"conduct":[104],"experimental":[105],"analysis":[106],"algorithm\u2019s":[109],"hyperparameters":[110],"achieve":[112,194],"optimal":[113],"solutions":[114],"with":[115],"a":[116,121],"higher":[117],"range":[119],"at":[120],"faster":[122],"speed,":[124],"effectively":[125],"efficiency":[131],"gate":[134,154],"Through":[136],"numerical":[137],"simulations":[138],"QuTiP":[141],"platform,":[142],"we":[143],"validate":[144],"excellent":[146],"performance":[147,223],"Adam":[150,187],"optimization.":[155],"In":[156],"optimizing":[157],"X":[159],"SWAP":[161],"gates,":[162],"its":[163],"improved":[165],"0.03%":[167],"0.0016%,":[169],"respectively,":[170],"compared":[171],"GRAPE":[174],"algorithm.":[175],"Compared":[176],"CRAB":[179],"method,":[180],"initial":[182],"speed":[184],"method":[188],"increased":[189],"fivefold,":[190],"enabling":[191],"it":[192],"target":[196],"more":[198],"rapidly.":[199],"Future":[200],"research":[201],"will":[202],"investigate":[203],"closed-loop":[204],"strategies,":[206],"utilizing":[207],"feedback":[208],"derived":[209],"from":[210],"results":[213],"actual":[215],"computers":[217],"further":[219],"augment":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
