{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3117438984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z","title":"Embedding of complete graphs in broken Chimera graphs","display_name":"Embedding of complete graphs in broken Chimera graphs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3117438984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z","mag":"3117438984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elisabeth Lobe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-8906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elisabeth Lobe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Software Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Lilienthalplatz 7, 38108, Brunswick, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Software Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Lilienthalplatz 7, 38108, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lukas Sch\u00fcrmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-0744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Sch\u00fcrmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tobias Stollenwerk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-8082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Stollenwerk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Software Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder H\u00f6he, 51147, Cologne, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Software Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder H\u00f6he, 51147, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":{"value":2040,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2040,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"fwci":2.0962,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88947009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7993999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimera","display_name":"Chimera (genetics)","score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/np-complete","display_name":"NP-complete","score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.34439998865127563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7993999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30278631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281721","display_name":"Chimera (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122749075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215206","display_name":"NP-complete","level":3,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520416788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419229","display_name":"Exact solutions in general relativity","level":2,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Running time","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Efficient algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988809283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514868","display_name":"Combinatorial algorithms","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85044808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620614","display_name":"Assignment problem","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125080357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45715","display_name":"Complete graph","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:139936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2012.12720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12720","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.12720","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11128-021-03168-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3117438984.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3117438984.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493348997","https://openalex.org/W1979392010","https://openalex.org/W2000304327","https://openalex.org/W2005079828","https://openalex.org/W2105223366","https://openalex.org/W2157529519","https://openalex.org/W2499865049","https://openalex.org/W2563362990","https://openalex.org/W2769474857","https://openalex.org/W2900708788","https://openalex.org/W2948312251","https://openalex.org/W2963605600","https://openalex.org/W2963711262","https://openalex.org/W2964323614","https://openalex.org/W3035054789","https://openalex.org/W6603112649","https://openalex.org/W6604257626"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"order":[2],"to":[3,17,73,87,150,162,168,184],"solve":[4,185],"real-world":[5,34],"combinatorial":[6],"optimization":[7,105],"problems":[8,35],"with":[9,113],"a":[10,37,45,84,110,177],"D-Wave":[11,25],"quantum":[12],"annealer,":[13],"it":[14,70,122],"is":[15,71,123],"necessary":[16,72],"embed":[18,163],"the":[19,24,41,54,57,78,88,127,133,191],"problem":[20,89,99,112],"at":[21],"hand":[22],"into":[23,56,77,94],"hardware":[26,80,146,152],"graph,":[27,47],"namely":[28],"Chimera":[29,59,96,134],"or":[30],"Pegasus.":[31],"Most":[32],"hard":[33],"exhibit":[36],"strong":[38],"connectivity.":[39],"For":[40,156],"worst-case":[42],"scenario":[43],"of":[44,90,129,144,193],"complete":[46,92,165],"there":[48],"exists":[49],"an":[50,75,104,173],"efficient":[51],"solution":[52],"for":[53],"embedding":[55,76,91],"ideal":[58],"graph.":[60,81,135],"However,":[61],"since":[62],"real":[63,151],"machines":[64],"almost":[65],"always":[66],"have":[67],"broken":[68,79,95,145],"qubits,":[69],"find":[74],"We":[82,136,189],"present":[83],"new":[85],"approach":[86,140],"graphs":[93,166],"graphs.":[97],"This":[98],"can":[100],"be":[101],"formulated":[102],"as":[103,109],"problem,":[106],"more":[107],"precisely":[108],"matching":[111],"additional":[114],"linear":[115],"constraints.":[116],"Although":[117],"being":[118],"NP-hard":[119],"in":[120,126,132],"general,":[121],"fixed-parameter":[124],"tractable":[125],"number":[128],"inaccessible":[130],"vertices":[131],"tested":[137],"our":[138,194],"exact":[139,197],"on":[141],"various":[142],"instances":[143],"graphs,":[147],"both":[148],"related":[149],"and":[153,196],"randomly":[154],"generated.":[155],"fixed":[157],"runtime,":[158],"we":[159,175],"were":[160],"able":[161],"larger":[164,187],"compared":[167,190],"previous,":[169],"heuristic":[170,179,195],"approaches.":[171,198],"As":[172],"extension,":[174],"developed":[176],"fast":[178],"algorithm":[180],"which":[181],"enables":[182],"us":[183],"even":[186],"instances.":[188],"performance":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2021-01-05T00:00:00"}