{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996674154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03025-z","title":"Entanglement types for two-qubit states with real amplitudes","display_name":"Entanglement types for two-qubit states with real amplitudes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996674154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03025-z","mag":"2996674154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-021-03025-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03025-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.01940","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024135704","display_name":"\u00d3scar Perdomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154264771","display_name":"Central Connecticut State University","ror":"https://ror.org/054gzqw08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154264771","https://openalex.org/I4210132746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158803","display_name":"Rigetti Computing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04trkh314","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158803"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Perdomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, 06050, USA","Rigetti Computing, 2919 Seventh Street, Berkeley, CA, 94710-2704, USA","Department of Mathematics, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, 06050, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154264771"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rigetti Computing, 2919 Seventh Street, Berkeley, CA, 94710-2704, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154264771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090061281","display_name":"Vicente Leyton\u2010Ortega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-9892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicente Leyton-Ortega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA","Computer Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082678604","display_name":"Alejandro Perdomo\u2010Ortiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-4719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111877","display_name":"Zapata (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bhrtv82","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158803","display_name":"Rigetti Computing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04trkh314","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158803"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK","Rigetti Computing, 2919 Seventh Street, Berkeley, CA, 94710-2704, USA","Zapata Computing Canada Inc., 1 Yonge Street, Suite 900, Toronto, ON, M5E 1E5, Canada","Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rigetti Computing, 2919 Seventh Street, Berkeley, CA, 94710-2704, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zapata Computing Canada Inc., 1 Yonge Street, Suite 900, Toronto, ON, M5E 1E5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024135704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154264771","https://openalex.org/I4210158803"],"apc_list":{"value":2040,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00428704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.6838780045509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjoint-sets","display_name":"Disjoint sets","score":0.6709694862365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5893132090568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloch-sphere","display_name":"Bloch sphere","score":0.5653533339500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torus","display_name":"Torus","score":0.5321983695030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.5209423303604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.4717878997325897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.45266658067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.4459642469882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-physics","display_name":"Mathematical physics","score":0.39535027742385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30474257469177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.18962380290031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.131977379322052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.6838780045509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.6709694862365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5893132090568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136277988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884593","display_name":"Bloch sphere","level":4,"score":0.5653533339500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9767117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12510","display_name":"Torus","level":2,"score":0.5321983695030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.5209423303604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4717878997325897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45266658067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.4459642469882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.39535027742385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30474257469177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.18962380290031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.131977379322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11128-021-03025-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03025-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.01940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.01940","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.01940","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1777764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1777764","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1777764","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2996674154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1903.01940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.01940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.01940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.01940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.01940","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.01940","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3872744442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0500OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4260948408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERKJ332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","funder_display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4535372880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0500OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316892","funder_display_name":"UT-Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4823431144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0500OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","funder_display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5726405315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6694940734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERKJ332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6746666557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERKJ332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7066633426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC0500OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7340972926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"other","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7995982022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8414908677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8906985441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G909711816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0500OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316892","display_name":"UT-Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/04nza6677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0012c7r22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W360650912","https://openalex.org/W1479679168","https://openalex.org/W1605974080","https://openalex.org/W1839785972","https://openalex.org/W2032795441","https://openalex.org/W2035911763","https://openalex.org/W2065516801","https://openalex.org/W2070969849","https://openalex.org/W2073846519","https://openalex.org/W2098102049","https://openalex.org/W2104590612","https://openalex.org/W2139879165","https://openalex.org/W2141140927","https://openalex.org/W2281702696","https://openalex.org/W2592627506","https://openalex.org/W2593989580","https://openalex.org/W2594025869","https://openalex.org/W2724918723","https://openalex.org/W2784994528","https://openalex.org/W2911955207","https://openalex.org/W2926733415","https://openalex.org/W3030912980","https://openalex.org/W6600518324","https://openalex.org/W6607443796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2919219669","https://openalex.org/W2080359924","https://openalex.org/W2955449746","https://openalex.org/W1641339985","https://openalex.org/W1991031364","https://openalex.org/W1613038914","https://openalex.org/W2061345999","https://openalex.org/W1483286498","https://openalex.org/W3099923655","https://openalex.org/W2926733415","https://openalex.org/W3175308903","https://openalex.org/W2318902967","https://openalex.org/W3135085506","https://openalex.org/W2099729660","https://openalex.org/W2216022947","https://openalex.org/W1965681375","https://openalex.org/W2162882970","https://openalex.org/W2509467298","https://openalex.org/W2200264853","https://openalex.org/W1551316590"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}