{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2557221792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0676-6","title":"Cost- and energy-efficient backhaul options for heterogeneous mobile network deployments","display_name":"Cost- and energy-efficient backhaul options for heterogeneous mobile network deployments","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2557221792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0676-6","mag":"2557221792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11107-016-0676-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0676-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11107-016-0676-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150190834","display_name":"Photonic Network Communications","issn_l":"1387-974X","issn":["1387-974X","1572-8188"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photonic Network Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11107-016-0676-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025129608","display_name":"Fabr\u00edcio de Souza Farias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-6953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59606676","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03q9sr818","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabricio Farias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Para, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Para, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050254272","display_name":"Matteo Fiorani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Fiorani","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018914358","display_name":"Sibel Tombaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sibel Tombaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084255003","display_name":"Mozhgan Mahloo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mozhgan Mahloo","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050625327","display_name":"Lena Wosinska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-6554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena Wosinska","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039054328","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o C. W. A. Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-6886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59606676","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03q9sr818","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao C. W. A. Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Para, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Para, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028042424","display_name":"Paolo Monti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-9910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Monti","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025129608"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59606676"],"apc_list":{"value":2090,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2090,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"fwci":1.859,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87210567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"422","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.9287891983985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7308207154273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5588132739067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-broadband","display_name":"Mobile broadband","score":0.4721883535385132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4678308069705963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.4646126329898834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.45786646008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.43216729164123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband-networks","display_name":"Broadband networks","score":0.4298774003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4254777133464813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4208317995071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3243052065372467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.2722831964492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.25106823444366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14889898896217346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.9287891983985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7308207154273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5588132739067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78834623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640394","display_name":"Mobile broadband","level":3,"score":0.4721883535385132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4678308069705963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.4646126329898834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.45786646008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.43216729164123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125599584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15057100","display_name":"Broadband networks","level":3,"score":0.4298774003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4254777133464813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4208317995071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3243052065372467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2722831964492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25106823444366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14889898896217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11107-016-0676-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0676-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11107-016-0676-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150190834","display_name":"Photonic Network Communications","issn_l":"1387-974X","issn":["1387-974X","1572-8188"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photonic Network Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11107-016-0676-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0676-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11107-016-0676-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150190834","display_name":"Photonic Network Communications","issn_l":"1387-974X","issn":["1387-974X","1572-8188"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photonic Network Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3331681876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAPES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3938906640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(CAPES)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5079005330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"support","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322509","display_name":"Kungliga Tekniska H\u00f6gskolan","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557221792.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557221792.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981220981","https://openalex.org/W1983436016","https://openalex.org/W2016043591","https://openalex.org/W2020181824","https://openalex.org/W2020433711","https://openalex.org/W2044325700","https://openalex.org/W2044380347","https://openalex.org/W2067651881","https://openalex.org/W2076051456","https://openalex.org/W2085760890","https://openalex.org/W2140847480","https://openalex.org/W2189155419","https://openalex.org/W2294636642","https://openalex.org/W2326486430","https://openalex.org/W3125495868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2951015761","https://openalex.org/W1879998863","https://openalex.org/W2790424757","https://openalex.org/W2368226213","https://openalex.org/W3010715985","https://openalex.org/W1217967","https://openalex.org/W1987356359","https://openalex.org/W2383584427","https://openalex.org/W3126123709","https://openalex.org/W2377823571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heterogeneous":[0],"networks":[1],"(HetNets)":[2],"have":[3],"the":[4,9,29,32,45,54,59,80,112,118,127,131,148,150],"potential":[5],"to":[6,43,78,155,175],"cater":[7],"for":[8,39,117],"capacity":[10,115],"requirements":[11,116],"of":[12,31,47,83,85,88,178,183],"mobile":[13,41,55,113],"broadband":[14,114],"services":[15],"at":[16],"reduced":[17],"cost":[18,82],"and":[19,50,61,66,95,104,108,124,141,158,171,180],"energy":[20],"consumption":[21],"levels.":[22,185],"One":[23],"key":[24],"aspect":[25],"in":[26,53,130,147],"HetNets":[27],"is":[28,37],"role":[30],"backhaul.":[33],"More":[34],"specifically,":[35],"it":[36,133],"crucial":[38],"a":[40,71,86,102,105],"operator":[42],"understand":[44],"impact":[46],"specific":[48],"technological":[49],"architectural":[51],"upgrades":[52],"backhaul":[56,89,160],"network":[57],"on":[58,92],"capital":[60],"operational":[62],"expenditure":[63],"(i.e.,":[64],"CAPEX":[65],"OPEX).":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69,132],"proposes":[70],"comprehensive":[72],"methodology":[73],"that":[74,137],"can":[75,134],"be":[76,135,144,163],"used":[77,146],"analyze":[79],"total":[81],"ownership":[84],"number":[87],"options":[90],"based":[91],"fiber,":[93],"microwave,":[94],"copper":[96],"technologies.":[97],"The":[98],"study":[99],"considers":[100],"both":[101],"Greenfield":[103],"Brownfield":[106],"scenario":[107],"takes":[109],"into":[110],"account":[111],"time":[119,174],"period":[120],"between":[121],"years":[122],"2015":[123],"2025.":[125],"From":[126],"results":[128],"presented":[129],"concluded":[136],"even":[138],"though":[139],"microwave":[140],"fiber":[142],"will":[143],"predominately":[145],"future,":[149],"possible":[151],"migration":[152],"paths":[153],"leading":[154],"such":[156,168],"fiber-":[157],"microwave-based":[159],"scenarios":[161],"might":[162],"different,":[164],"depending":[165],"upon":[166],"factors":[167],"as":[169],"spectrum":[170],"license":[172],"costs,":[173],"deployment,":[176],"availability":[177],"equipment,":[179],"required":[181],"quality":[182],"service":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}