{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099149806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11080-007-9030-x","title":"Efficiency in Quantum Key Distribution Protocols with Entangled Gaussian States","display_name":"Efficiency in Quantum Key Distribution Protocols with Entangled Gaussian States","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099149806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11080-007-9030-x","mag":"2099149806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11080-007-9030-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11080-007-9030-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27332288","display_name":"Open Systems & Information Dynamics","issn_l":"1230-1612","issn":["1230-1612","1573-1324","1793-7191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Systems &amp; Information Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0611277","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084790473","display_name":"Carles Rod\u00f3","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Rod\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grup de F\u00edsica Te\u00f2rica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grup de F\u00edsica Te\u00f2rica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046700502","display_name":"Oriol Romero\u2010Isart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-3391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Romero-Isart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grup de F\u00edsica Te\u00f2rica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grup de F\u00edsica Te\u00f2rica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113540162","display_name":"K. Eckert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Eckert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grup de F\u00edsica Te\u00f2rica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grup de F\u00edsica Te\u00f2rica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020479151","display_name":"Anna Sanpera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-6127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Sanpera","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICREA and Grup de F\u00edsica Te\u00f2rica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICREA and Grup de F\u00edsica Te\u00f2rica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I11932220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084790473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4208,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9022946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"01","first_page":"69","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.8320702314376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.7149268388748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6205326914787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6066046953201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5588304400444031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5382912158966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.5292391777038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43762916326522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42459139227867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4124414324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution","display_name":"Key distribution","score":0.41115105152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3719244599342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3573375344276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3130338788032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.29614192247390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.2826648950576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.24617940187454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22457748651504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22202500700950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18929854035377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16681158542633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.15873783826828003}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.8320702314376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.7149268388748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6205326914787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6066046953201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5588304400444031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5382912158966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5292391777038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43762916326522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42459139227867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4124414324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160333310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398153","display_name":"Key distribution","level":4,"score":0.41115105152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3719244599342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3573375344276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3130338788032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.29614192247390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2826648950576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.24617940187454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22457748651504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22202500700950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18929854035377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16681158542633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.15873783826828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11080-007-9030-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11080-007-9030-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27332288","display_name":"Open Systems & Information Dynamics","issn_l":"1230-1612","issn":["1230-1612","1573-1324","1793-7191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Systems &amp; Information Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0611277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0611277","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0611277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.252.4648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.252.4648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0611277v2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.252.8373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.252.8373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0611277v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:1001760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/1001760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402194","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0611277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0611277","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0611277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1845172218","https://openalex.org/W1847580993","https://openalex.org/W1965202859","https://openalex.org/W1970402799","https://openalex.org/W1994090126","https://openalex.org/W1997124098","https://openalex.org/W1997709380","https://openalex.org/W2015132296","https://openalex.org/W2030960102","https://openalex.org/W2031147858","https://openalex.org/W2049617419","https://openalex.org/W2050847409","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2057574680","https://openalex.org/W2063635674","https://openalex.org/W2076460102","https://openalex.org/W2099149806","https://openalex.org/W2105027281","https://openalex.org/W2106833918","https://openalex.org/W2108371686","https://openalex.org/W2116530518","https://openalex.org/W2142739935","https://openalex.org/W2161708310","https://openalex.org/W2962683526","https://openalex.org/W2987687226","https://openalex.org/W3143400115","https://openalex.org/W3165898261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312132309","https://openalex.org/W2916069885","https://openalex.org/W4221147165","https://openalex.org/W4240944159","https://openalex.org/W2147369345","https://openalex.org/W4321151520","https://openalex.org/W4384158840","https://openalex.org/W2903657089","https://openalex.org/W4226054070","https://openalex.org/W2374628129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0,26],"key":[1,17,121],"distribution":[2,13],"(QKD)":[3],"refers":[4],"to":[5,23,106,118,136],"specific":[6],"quantum":[7,41],"strategies":[8],"which":[9],"permit":[10],"the":[11,57,88,108,131,134,137,142,146],"secure":[12,31],"of":[14,52,59,90,101,110,125,133,141],"a":[15,65,99,120,123],"secret":[16],"between":[18,145],"two":[19],"parties":[20],"that":[21,62,82,114],"wish":[22],"communicate":[24],"secretly.":[25],"cryptography":[27],"has":[28,36,78,93],"proven":[29],"unconditionally":[30],"in":[32],"ideal":[33],"scenarios":[34],"and":[35,70,139],"been":[37,80,95],"successfully":[38],"implemented":[39],"using":[40],"states":[42,69,143],"with":[43],"finite":[44],"(discrete)":[45],"as":[46,48,64],"well":[47],"infinite":[49],"(continuous)":[50],"degrees":[51],"freedom.":[53],"Here,":[54],"we":[55],"analyze":[56],"efficiency":[58,92,104,132],"QKD":[60,83],"protocols":[61],"use":[63],"resource":[66],"entangled":[67,127],"gaussian":[68,71],"operations":[72],"only.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"framework,":[76],"it":[77],"already":[79],"shown":[81],"is":[84],"possible":[85],"[1]":[86],"but":[87],"issue":[89],"its":[91],"not":[94],"considered.":[96],"We":[97,129],"propose":[98],"figure":[100],"merit":[102],"(the":[103],"E)":[105],"quantify":[107],"number":[109],"classical":[111],"correlated":[112],"bits":[113],"can":[115],"be":[116],"used":[117],"distill":[119],"from":[122],"sample":[124],"N":[126],"states.":[128],"relate":[130],"protocol":[135],"entanglement":[138],"purity":[140],"shared":[144],"parties.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
