{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129294350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0","title":"Machine Learning Technique for Managing Vulnerable People During the Covid-19 and Related Pandemic Through Telemedicine: Systematic Review, Open Challenges, and Research Directions","display_name":"Machine Learning Technique for Managing Vulnerable People During the Covid-19 and Related Pandemic Through Telemedicine: Systematic Review, Open Challenges, and Research Directions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129294350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126266528","display_name":"Liyana Shuib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liyana Shuib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System, FCSIT, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, FCSIT, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025980566","display_name":"Christopher Ifeanyi Eke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800437794","display_name":"Federal University Lafia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p5jz112","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800437794"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Ifeanyi Eke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","Department of Information System, FCSIT, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800437794"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, FCSIT, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005101921","display_name":"Nuzul Azmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801594805","display_name":"University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01590nj79","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801594805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noraniza Azmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801594805","https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041573811","display_name":"Vimala Balakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimala Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System, FCSIT, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, FCSIT, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126266651","display_name":"Hairil Abdul Rasak","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hairil Abdul Razak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126266528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11708253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10912","display_name":"Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation","score":0.2085999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10912","display_name":"Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation","score":0.2085999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.19220000505447388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.07519999891519547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.7437000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemedicine","display_name":"Telemedicine","score":0.7027000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.40139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7437000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779891985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46994","display_name":"Telemedicine","level":3,"score":0.7027000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019806175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11974939","display_name":"Health professionals","level":3,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137877099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332977","display_name":"Subsequence","level":3,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C482391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101244","display_name":"Acronym","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.2639999985694885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11807-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7534241080284119,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975675278","https://openalex.org/W2006281236","https://openalex.org/W2041644933","https://openalex.org/W2073722829","https://openalex.org/W2078894501","https://openalex.org/W2107143197","https://openalex.org/W2112842888","https://openalex.org/W2124493593","https://openalex.org/W2131112023","https://openalex.org/W2131222241","https://openalex.org/W2297600326","https://openalex.org/W2340544526","https://openalex.org/W2420130313","https://openalex.org/W2469449984","https://openalex.org/W2581454555","https://openalex.org/W2608704106","https://openalex.org/W2793305217","https://openalex.org/W2895996172","https://openalex.org/W2913778323","https://openalex.org/W2932027187","https://openalex.org/W2939043453","https://openalex.org/W2947685049","https://openalex.org/W2953019491","https://openalex.org/W3002108456","https://openalex.org/W3003465021","https://openalex.org/W3003668884","https://openalex.org/W3009063690","https://openalex.org/W3010604545","https://openalex.org/W3016713881","https://openalex.org/W3017117984","https://openalex.org/W3017476759","https://openalex.org/W3026804883","https://openalex.org/W3032614625","https://openalex.org/W3033211403","https://openalex.org/W3035653594","https://openalex.org/W3037334953","https://openalex.org/W3037834680","https://openalex.org/W3041006163","https://openalex.org/W3041990891","https://openalex.org/W3042076285","https://openalex.org/W3042819477","https://openalex.org/W3044469886","https://openalex.org/W3047206759","https://openalex.org/W3048416409","https://openalex.org/W3062506780","https://openalex.org/W3082674629","https://openalex.org/W3092108871","https://openalex.org/W3093613033","https://openalex.org/W3118424533","https://openalex.org/W3136945935","https://openalex.org/W3171835261","https://openalex.org/W3176170885","https://openalex.org/W3194597946","https://openalex.org/W3199898909","https://openalex.org/W4226068880","https://openalex.org/W4285331703","https://openalex.org/W4286610720","https://openalex.org/W4395004958"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"COVID-19":[1,75],"and":[2,76,90,114,160,184,191,211],"the":[3,12,15,17,21,111,123,133,137,140,149,156],"associated":[4],"epidemics":[5],"have":[6],"rapidly":[7],"spread":[8,22],"globally.":[9],"Due":[10],"to":[11,19,45,49,56,132],"contagiousness":[13],"of":[14,62,82,93,146,158,169,180,186],"disease,":[16],"effort":[18],"stop":[20],"proves":[23],"abortive.":[24],"As":[25],"a":[26,34,58],"result,":[27],"physical":[28],"appointments":[29],"with":[30,74,214],"healthcare":[31,47],"practitioners":[32,213],"become":[33],"challenge.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"this":[38,53,83,199,203],"challenge,":[39],"Telemedicine":[40],"(TM)":[41],"is":[42,152],"widely":[43],"employed":[44],"provide":[46,57],"services":[48],"infected":[50,73],"individuals.":[51],"Thus,":[52],"study":[54,164],"aimed":[55],"comprehensive":[59],"literature":[60],"review":[61],"TM":[63,159,216],"applications":[64,217],"based":[65],"on":[66,122],"machine":[67],"learning":[68],"(ML)":[69],"for":[70],"managing":[71],"individuals":[72],"related":[77,131],"epidemics.":[78],"The":[79,163],"SLR":[80,141,204],"methodology":[81],"research":[84,129,134,189,193,200,210],"considered":[85],"published":[86],"papers":[87,95,125],"between":[88],"2015":[89],"2022.":[91],"Out":[92],"733":[94],"that":[96,143],"were":[97,107],"initially":[98],"retrieved":[99],"from":[100,139],"six":[101,128],"bibliographic":[102],"databases,":[103],"24":[104],"primary":[105],"studies":[106],"selected":[108,124],"after":[109],"passing":[110],"election":[112],"criteria":[113],"quality":[115],"assessment":[116],"test.":[117],"Analysis":[118],"was":[119],"carried":[120],"out":[121],"by":[126,175],"answering":[127],"questions":[130],"topic.":[135],"However,":[136],"findings":[138],"reveals":[142,166],"remote":[144],"monitoring":[145],"patients":[147],"during":[148],"pandemic":[150,170],"outbreak":[151],"made":[153],"easy":[154],"through":[155],"application":[157],"ML":[161],"technique.":[162],"also":[165,196],"different":[167,178],"types":[168,179],"outbreaks,":[171],"health":[172],"data":[173],"used":[174],"telemedicine":[176],"programs,":[177],"ML,":[181],"performance":[182],"measures,":[183],"functionality":[185],"TM.":[187],"Open":[188],"challenges":[190],"future":[192,209],"directions":[194],"are":[195],"provided":[197],"in":[198,208,218],"domain.":[201],"Therefore,":[202],"can":[205],"help":[206],"researchers":[207],"medical":[212],"ML-based":[215],"subsequence":[219],"epidemic":[220],"outbreaks.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-02-18T00:00:00"}
