{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413048995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2","title":"Spike-Count Reduction Techniques for Low Power Spiking Neural Networks","display_name":"Spike-Count Reduction Techniques for Low Power Spiking Neural Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413048995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001303194","display_name":"Xinyu Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-6198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004185812","display_name":"Zhitao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-0134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhitao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101482363","display_name":"Yuan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9915-3319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China","The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007760320","display_name":"Terry Tao Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-3550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Terry Tao Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007760320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.8059,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76965176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.7446017265319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6375417709350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.5683413743972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.5501127243041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5393431782722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5029060244560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46190720796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3840256631374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35682523250579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35261356830596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24918308854103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17948603630065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17070627212524414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.7446017265319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6375417709350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5683413743972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.5501127243041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5393431782722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5029060244560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46190720796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3840256631374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35682523250579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35261356830596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24918308854103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17948603630065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17070627212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11063-025-11786-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413048995.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413048995.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2016227125","https://openalex.org/W2020676607","https://openalex.org/W2100777565","https://openalex.org/W2240536489","https://openalex.org/W2621826044","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2795655975","https://openalex.org/W2892077605","https://openalex.org/W2962804204","https://openalex.org/W2989431475","https://openalex.org/W2998119008","https://openalex.org/W3035644810","https://openalex.org/W3048928143","https://openalex.org/W3092082681","https://openalex.org/W3092176129","https://openalex.org/W3101174122","https://openalex.org/W3102750118","https://openalex.org/W3159341886","https://openalex.org/W3177348357","https://openalex.org/W3185114446","https://openalex.org/W3199617994","https://openalex.org/W4224003871","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W4282964289","https://openalex.org/W4386322031","https://openalex.org/W4399013206","https://openalex.org/W4400230189","https://openalex.org/W4402244822","https://openalex.org/W4403791196","https://openalex.org/W4409248468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W4306175885","https://openalex.org/W4312604567","https://openalex.org/W4297619707","https://openalex.org/W4387390134","https://openalex.org/W4251092571","https://openalex.org/W2165312143","https://openalex.org/W4411725149","https://openalex.org/W2583316550","https://openalex.org/W3110622310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiking":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2,192],"(SNN)":[3],"has":[4],"demonstrated":[5],"its":[6,26],"great":[7],"potential":[8],"in":[9,38,52,68,80,96,139,171,182],"low-power":[10],"neuromorphic":[11],"applications.":[12],"In":[13,41],"SNN,":[14],"computation":[15],"activities":[16],"are":[17,169],"associated":[18],"with":[19,32,110,210],"the":[20,33,39,50,53,58,69,75,78,81,84,92,97,107,111,121,127,132,137,140,146,156,174,215],"arrival":[21],"and":[22,72,89,125,220],"firing":[23],"of":[24,35,61,86,94,106,114,134],"spikes,":[25],"power":[27,59,175,180],"consumption":[28,60],"is":[29,148,159,218],"directly":[30],"correlated":[31],"number":[34,93],"spikes":[36,95,135],"propagated":[37],"network.":[40],"this":[42,144],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"explore":[45],"two":[46,165,195],"methods":[47],"to":[48,56,103,130,200],"reduce":[49,57,131],"spike-count":[51,147,166,203,212],"network,":[54],"aiming":[55],"SNN.":[62],"We":[63,118,186],"use":[64,126],"Poisson":[65],"distribution":[66],"function":[67],"input":[70,90,98],"layer":[71,99],"through":[73],"adjusting":[74],"correlation":[76],"(called":[77],"gain":[79],"paper)":[82],"between":[83],"probability":[85],"spike":[87],"generation":[88,133],"values,":[91],"can":[100],"be":[101],"reduced":[102,149],"only":[104],"20%":[105,151],"baseline":[108],"model":[109],"accuracy":[112],"degradation":[113,158],"less":[115,161],"than":[116,162],"1%.":[117,163],"also":[119],"exploit":[120],"leaky-integrate-and-fire":[122],"(LIF)":[123],"mechanism":[124],"refractory":[128],"period":[129],"from":[136],"neurons":[138],"hidden":[141],"layers.":[142],"Through":[143],"method,":[145],"by":[150],"$$\\sim":[152],"$$":[153],"50%":[154],"while":[155,205],"performance":[157],"still":[160],"These":[164],"reduction":[167,181,204,213],"techniques":[168,196],"implemented":[170],"Verilog":[172],"RTL;":[173],"simulation":[176],"results":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"significant":[179],"performing":[183],"SNN":[184],"computations.":[185],"further":[187],"discovered":[188],"that":[189],"for":[190,222,228],"different":[191,198],"architectures,":[193],"these":[194],"have":[197],"trade-offs":[199],"achieve":[201],"optimal":[202],"maintaining":[206],"satisfactory":[207],"results.":[208],"Compared":[209],"other":[211],"techniques,":[214],"proposed":[216],"scheme":[217],"efficient":[219],"straightforward":[221],"hardware":[223],"implementation,":[224],"making":[225],"it":[226],"well-suited":[227],"edge":[229],"computing":[230],"scenarios.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}