{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307086471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-022-11056-5","title":"An Interpretive Adversarial Attack Method: Attacking Softmax Gradient Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation Based on Cosine Similarity Constraint and TS-Invariant","display_name":"An Interpretive Adversarial Attack Method: Attacking Softmax Gradient Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation Based on Cosine Similarity Constraint and TS-Invariant","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307086471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-022-11056-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-022-11056-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-022-11056-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084900970","display_name":"Zigang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-7049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zigang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan\u2019an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-7049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan\u2019an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052195378","display_name":"Renjie Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renjie Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan\u2019an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan\u2019an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070196864","display_name":"Zhenghao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-1477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan\u2019an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan\u2019an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336402","display_name":"Long Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-1539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan\u2019an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan\u2019an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.2 Chongwen Road, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100324600","display_name":"Yuhong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-427X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","display_name":"Santa Clara University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypqe447","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112859197","display_name":"Kai Sheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, No.2, Taibai South Road, Yanta District, Xi\u2019an, 710071, Shaanxi, China","Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, No.2, Taibai South Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, No.2, Taibai South Road, Yanta District, Xi\u2019an, 710071, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, No.2, Taibai South Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084900970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72608752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"4","first_page":"4623","last_page":"4639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9588000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9053999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.902474582195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6867782473564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6291384100914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5924729704856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.5874412059783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5653933882713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5371506810188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4583745002746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.41189101338386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3333292007446289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.902474582195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6867782473564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6291384100914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5924729704856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.5874412059783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5653933882713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5371506810188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4583745002746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.41189101338386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3333292007446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-022-11056-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-022-11056-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1984541135","https://openalex.org/W2095577883","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2293078015","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2512971201","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2570127291","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2797694788","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2806853752","https://openalex.org/W2903165775","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2947704577","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2963276026","https://openalex.org/W2963612069","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2965198951","https://openalex.org/W2969542116","https://openalex.org/W2981446616","https://openalex.org/W2996553713","https://openalex.org/W2999606423","https://openalex.org/W2999711171","https://openalex.org/W3012430016","https://openalex.org/W3094250460","https://openalex.org/W3130282400","https://openalex.org/W3160413406","https://openalex.org/W3171288285","https://openalex.org/W3197644812","https://openalex.org/W4247200422","https://openalex.org/W6601198272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323060069","https://openalex.org/W2947728370","https://openalex.org/W2284045667","https://openalex.org/W57923944","https://openalex.org/W1598081081","https://openalex.org/W2056226831","https://openalex.org/W1823511492","https://openalex.org/W2981287881","https://openalex.org/W4386612228","https://openalex.org/W2024635814"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}