{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178142071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1","title":"An RCE-based Associative Memory with Application to Human Face Recognition","display_name":"An RCE-based Associative Memory with Application to Human Face Recognition","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178142071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1","mag":"3178142071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036558045","display_name":"Xiaoyan Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192578771","display_name":"Rose\u2013Hulman Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00mp6e841","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, 47803, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, 47803, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112660711","display_name":"Mehmet Artiklar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Artiklar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085181033","display_name":"Paul Watta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-4543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Watta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113120420","display_name":"M.H. Hassoun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad H. Hassoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036558045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.8687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87239591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"257","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7910758256912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-associative-memory","display_name":"Bidirectional associative memory","score":0.7372677326202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.7177340388298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6337299942970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6154388785362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-property","display_name":"Associative property","score":0.6040796637535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.6027166843414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6009476780891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5830387473106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5528115630149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5395594835281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.523303747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4926207661628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-map","display_name":"Memory map","score":0.4641057252883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3414272367954254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1080690324306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-memory","display_name":"Shared memory","score":0.09774482250213623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7910758256912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120620853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506355","display_name":"Bidirectional associative memory","level":4,"score":0.7372677326202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.7177340388298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6337299942970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6154388785362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.6040796637535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.6027166843414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6009476780891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5830387473106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5528115630149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5395594835281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.523303747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4926207661628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74426580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719484","display_name":"Memory map","level":3,"score":0.4641057252883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3414272367954254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1080690324306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.09774482250213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11063-006-9001-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3178142071.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3178142071.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591800128","https://openalex.org/W1596369723","https://openalex.org/W1975891294","https://openalex.org/W2016915536","https://openalex.org/W2023896934","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2055913343","https://openalex.org/W2090443183","https://openalex.org/W2103365034","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2124503759","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2148486884","https://openalex.org/W2163952039","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4244494905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987836535","https://openalex.org/W4321273133","https://openalex.org/W2109892802","https://openalex.org/W1503438809","https://openalex.org/W2769111744","https://openalex.org/W1902246517","https://openalex.org/W2125477157","https://openalex.org/W323315606","https://openalex.org/W2043350698","https://openalex.org/W2379634958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"models":[1,16],"of":[2,14,45,51,71,84,113,127,138,149,170,177],"neural":[3],"network-based":[4],"associative":[5,31,103],"memory":[6,32,104,130],"have":[7,19],"been":[8],"proposed":[9,129],"and":[10,23,48,146],"studied.":[11],"However,":[12,77],"most":[13],"these":[15],"do":[17],"not":[18,26,157],"a":[20,43,85,101,108],"rejection":[21,109],"mechanism":[22],"hence":[24],"are":[25,41,156,163],"practical":[27,102],"for":[28],"many":[29],"real-world":[30],"problems.":[33],"For":[34],"example,":[35],"in":[36,74,158],"human":[37],"face":[38,46],"recognition,":[39],"we":[40,99],"given":[42,164],"database":[44,179],"images":[47],"the":[49,58,65,68,72,75,78,90,94,114,119,128,136,139,147,150,159,168,171,175,178],"identity":[50],"each":[52],"image.":[53],"Given":[54],"an":[55],"input":[56,79],"image,":[57],"task":[59],"is":[60,116,131],"to":[61,141,152,182],"associate":[62],"when":[63],"appropriate":[64],"image":[66,80],"with":[67],"corresponding":[69],"name":[70],"person":[73],"database.":[76,160],"may":[81],"be":[82],"that":[83,106],"stranger.":[86],"In":[87,96],"this":[88,97],"case,":[89],"system":[91,140,151,172],"should":[92],"reject":[93,153],"input.":[95],"paper,":[98],"propose":[100],"model":[105,115],"has":[107],"mechanism.":[110],"The":[111,125],"structure":[112],"based":[117],"on":[118],"restricted":[120],"Coulomb":[121],"energy":[122],"(RCE)":[123],"network.":[124],"capacity":[126],"desibed":[132],"by":[133],"two":[134],"measures:":[135],"ability":[137,148],"correctly":[142],"identify":[143],"known":[144],"individuals,":[145],"individuals":[154],"who":[155],"Experimental":[161],"results":[162],"which":[165],"show":[166],"how":[167],"performance":[169],"varies":[173],"as":[174],"size":[176],"increases":[180],"up":[181],"1000":[183],"individuals.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}