{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2742556918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-017-0517-5","title":"Wald tests for direction detection in noise and interference","display_name":"Wald tests for direction detection in noise and interference","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2742556918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-017-0517-5","mag":"2742556918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11045-017-0517-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-017-0517-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198285748","display_name":"Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0923-6082","issn":["0923-6082","1573-0824"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757040","display_name":"Wenjuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3745-5669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changsha Normal University, Changsha, 410100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changsha Normal University, Changsha, 410100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101719103","display_name":"Haibo Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, 710077, China","School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, 710077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399846","display_name":"Kai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-7064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397456","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-3679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160531","display_name":"Chinese People's Liberation Army","ror":"https://ror.org/05tf9r976","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Representative Office Stationed at 720 Factory, Nanjing, 210038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Representative Office Stationed at 720 Factory, Nanjing, 210038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059682113","display_name":"Weijian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-8073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134970","display_name":"Wuhan Branch of the National Science Library","ror":"https://ror.org/046n0zq43","country_code":"CN","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210134970","https://openalex.org/I4210148850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weijian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Electronic Information Institute, Wuhan, 430019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Electronic Information Institute, Wuhan, 430019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059682113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134970"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.7542,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9843872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"1563","last_page":"1577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.8371386528015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.7759848237037659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wald-test","display_name":"Wald test","score":0.7283703088760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6981741189956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6128478646278381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5595554113388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4924083948135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48821189999580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-subspace","display_name":"Signal subspace","score":0.4797714650630951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disturbance","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","score":0.47863879799842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.45562151074409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colors-of-noise","display_name":"Colors of noise","score":0.45079994201660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4311888515949249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4181605875492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.24422550201416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2164783477783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20441696047782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.20227846503257751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19792723655700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12630784511566162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.8371386528015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.7759848237037659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748664","display_name":"Wald test","level":3,"score":0.7283703088760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6981741189956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6128478646278381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5595554113388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4924083948135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48821189999580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777121530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512739","display_name":"Signal subspace","level":4,"score":0.4797714650630951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.47863879799842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.45562151074409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114996537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854529","display_name":"Colors of noise","level":3,"score":0.45079994201660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4311888515949249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4181605875492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.24422550201416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2164783477783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20441696047782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.20227846503257751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19792723655700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12630784511566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11045-017-0517-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-017-0517-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198285748","display_name":"Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0923-6082","issn":["0923-6082","1573-0824"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1317621689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015JJ6006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7228381803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1426280032","https://openalex.org/W1971296202","https://openalex.org/W1976044906","https://openalex.org/W1986921156","https://openalex.org/W1994992001","https://openalex.org/W2016079660","https://openalex.org/W2026893975","https://openalex.org/W2027861787","https://openalex.org/W2056656880","https://openalex.org/W2072903707","https://openalex.org/W2091489596","https://openalex.org/W2092824435","https://openalex.org/W2096972831","https://openalex.org/W2102213230","https://openalex.org/W2106199973","https://openalex.org/W2106999806","https://openalex.org/W2107470042","https://openalex.org/W2118896231","https://openalex.org/W2123200950","https://openalex.org/W2141117251","https://openalex.org/W2142517930","https://openalex.org/W2144158572","https://openalex.org/W2149826217","https://openalex.org/W2151166516","https://openalex.org/W2159195662","https://openalex.org/W2162623024","https://openalex.org/W2237986896","https://openalex.org/W2261039809","https://openalex.org/W2283644562","https://openalex.org/W2478027691","https://openalex.org/W2490621714","https://openalex.org/W2514286655","https://openalex.org/W2538037923","https://openalex.org/W2546854186","https://openalex.org/W2550571249","https://openalex.org/W2572701941","https://openalex.org/W2615709651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379264914","https://openalex.org/W2153912708","https://openalex.org/W2537400661","https://openalex.org/W2118094278","https://openalex.org/W2639400695","https://openalex.org/W3126343058","https://openalex.org/W2949173582","https://openalex.org/W2089410207","https://openalex.org/W4300048032","https://openalex.org/W2367577754"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}