{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413291526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-21056-x","title":"3 Directional Based Binary Pattern (3DBBP): The effective and efficient face descriptor","display_name":"3 Directional Based Binary Pattern (3DBBP): The effective and efficient face descriptor","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413291526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-21056-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-025-21056-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-21056-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048665677","display_name":"Shekhar Karanwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-4132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82571370","display_name":"GLA University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnxgv12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82571370"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shekhar Karanwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-4132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82571370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048665677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82571370"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77698935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"40","first_page":"48715","last_page":"48745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9031168222427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6675361394882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6270223259925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5221796035766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.4877984821796417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44802507758140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3335927128791809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.087911456823349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08328467607498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.0800623893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0533597469329834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9031168222427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6675361394882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6270223259925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5221796035766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.4877984821796417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44802507758140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3335927128791809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.087911456823349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08328467607498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0800623893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0533597469329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-025-21056-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-21056-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1621991092","https://openalex.org/W1987390907","https://openalex.org/W2023640363","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2041530746","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2132109309","https://openalex.org/W2156598012","https://openalex.org/W2222337501","https://openalex.org/W2568045728","https://openalex.org/W2600052164","https://openalex.org/W2759125929","https://openalex.org/W2790437676","https://openalex.org/W2805726177","https://openalex.org/W2884438108","https://openalex.org/W2894474596","https://openalex.org/W2898832874","https://openalex.org/W2913290113","https://openalex.org/W2915215506","https://openalex.org/W2943251453","https://openalex.org/W2947790305","https://openalex.org/W2973118031","https://openalex.org/W2978206749","https://openalex.org/W2982845314","https://openalex.org/W2987602849","https://openalex.org/W2987765676","https://openalex.org/W2987809106","https://openalex.org/W2997210082","https://openalex.org/W2998586873","https://openalex.org/W3033909547","https://openalex.org/W3044394888","https://openalex.org/W3083591059","https://openalex.org/W3085282084","https://openalex.org/W3087738417","https://openalex.org/W3088460380","https://openalex.org/W3098852764","https://openalex.org/W3099541699","https://openalex.org/W3099945807","https://openalex.org/W3103887207","https://openalex.org/W3105742485","https://openalex.org/W3106326231","https://openalex.org/W3116333165","https://openalex.org/W3117939877","https://openalex.org/W3120008273","https://openalex.org/W3120696033","https://openalex.org/W3122225434","https://openalex.org/W3125654656","https://openalex.org/W3134772852","https://openalex.org/W3135732118","https://openalex.org/W3135972681","https://openalex.org/W3136345712","https://openalex.org/W3156694393","https://openalex.org/W3158120625","https://openalex.org/W3211285605","https://openalex.org/W4225907611","https://openalex.org/W4233200937","https://openalex.org/W4246407105","https://openalex.org/W4249540439","https://openalex.org/W4360979249","https://openalex.org/W4391288551","https://openalex.org/W4400249123","https://openalex.org/W4410504964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978011637","https://openalex.org/W1976280679","https://openalex.org/W3211626993","https://openalex.org/W2122718025","https://openalex.org/W2900460335","https://openalex.org/W2169521742","https://openalex.org/W771773272","https://openalex.org/W1972817643","https://openalex.org/W3128113522","https://openalex.org/W2508787685"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}