{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412997670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9","title":"RiceNet: a robust ensemble attention mechanism for automated rice plant disease classification","display_name":"RiceNet: a robust ensemble attention mechanism for automated rice plant disease classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412997670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043961834","display_name":"Muhammad Hanif Tunio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4130-0201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45164037","display_name":"Shah Abdul Latif University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s232b27","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hanif Tunio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66111, Sindh, Pakistan","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China - UESTC, Sichuan, 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4130-0201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66111, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China - UESTC, Sichuan, 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692320","display_name":"Jianping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian ping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China - UESTC, Sichuan, 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China - UESTC, Sichuan, 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063377741","display_name":"Awais Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4410-2028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awais Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4410-2028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023820143","display_name":"Syed Attique Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Attique Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, STEAMhouse, B4 7RQ, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-7391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, STEAMhouse, B4 7RQ, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006214126","display_name":"Xiaoyang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9928-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China - UESTC, Sichuan, 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China - UESTC, Sichuan, 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069341919","display_name":"Ubaidullah alias Kashif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-8144"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ubaidullah alias Kashif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The Shaikh Ayaz University, Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The Shaikh Ayaz University, Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040240245","display_name":"Yingling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1384-1388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6645349","display_name":"Southwest Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gaexw88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6645349"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6645349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114358683","display_name":"Abdullahi Yahya Imam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-6610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullahi Yahya Imam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023820143","https://openalex.org/A5100692320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472","https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0955,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87717149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"39","first_page":"48145","last_page":"48173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9610999822616577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8903040885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6624084711074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5549634695053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.47450539469718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46138909459114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.44330596923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4270251989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology","display_name":"Biotechnology","score":0.09583097696304321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8903040885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6624084711074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5549634695053101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.47450539469718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46138909459114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.44330596923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4270251989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09583097696304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk:17037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402654","display_name":"BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","host_organization_name":"Birmingham City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-025-20979-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311338","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412997670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412997670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023057971","https://openalex.org/W2076243827","https://openalex.org/W2094420126","https://openalex.org/W2132074759","https://openalex.org/W2731165298","https://openalex.org/W2768102683","https://openalex.org/W2902625477","https://openalex.org/W3033196717","https://openalex.org/W3040765761","https://openalex.org/W3088728688","https://openalex.org/W3119027282","https://openalex.org/W3136213652","https://openalex.org/W3148765418","https://openalex.org/W3155943113","https://openalex.org/W3159207671","https://openalex.org/W3165045544","https://openalex.org/W4205630911","https://openalex.org/W4206553819","https://openalex.org/W4206590716","https://openalex.org/W4292264012","https://openalex.org/W4293770138","https://openalex.org/W4303045583","https://openalex.org/W4316021031","https://openalex.org/W4319790016","https://openalex.org/W4320025249","https://openalex.org/W4323362555","https://openalex.org/W4327945673","https://openalex.org/W4372183643","https://openalex.org/W4378895574","https://openalex.org/W4382795158","https://openalex.org/W4383817953","https://openalex.org/W4385491473","https://openalex.org/W4385614634","https://openalex.org/W4385698250","https://openalex.org/W4390578625","https://openalex.org/W4392372601","https://openalex.org/W4403869876","https://openalex.org/W4404328412","https://openalex.org/W4405700792","https://openalex.org/W4407029343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382997850","https://openalex.org/W2390968135","https://openalex.org/W2382213751","https://openalex.org/W4376643315","https://openalex.org/W4324137541","https://openalex.org/W2900445707","https://openalex.org/W4285741730","https://openalex.org/W1191482210","https://openalex.org/W4285046548","https://openalex.org/W2391494895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Rice":[1],"is":[2,10,137],"a":[3,86,140,220,234,243],"widely":[4],"cultivated":[5],"crop":[6,30],"in":[7,12,63,179,185],"Asia":[8],"and":[9,15,32,51,78,88,103,107,115,148,156,205,219,228,241,254],"paramount":[11],"ensuring":[13],"national":[14],"global":[16],"food":[17,49,252],"security.":[18],"However,":[19],"rice":[20,44,64,124,238],"plants":[21],"are":[22],"susceptible":[23],"to":[24,34,99,122,138,151,164,189,247,251],"various":[25],"diseases":[26],"that":[27,94,143],"negatively":[28],"impact":[29],"quality":[31],"quantity":[33],"meet":[35],"the":[36,39,68,72,75,79,174,180,193],"needs":[37],"of":[38,74,134,176,195,217,223],"world\u2019s":[40],"growing":[41],"population.":[42],"Automated":[43],"plant":[45,65,125],"disease":[46,66,126,239],"classification":[47,127,186,240],"ensures":[48],"security":[50,253],"agricultural":[52,248],"sustainability.":[53,255],"Although":[54],"traditional":[55,190],"deep":[56],"learning":[57,98,146],"approaches":[58],"have":[59],"shown":[60],"promising":[61],"results":[62],"classification,":[67],"challenges":[69,102],"posed":[70],"by":[71,159],"heterogeneity":[73,155],"data":[76,154],"set":[77],"feature":[80,157],"imbalance":[81],"persist.":[82],"This":[83,231],"research":[84,232],"introduces":[85],"robust":[87],"novel":[89],"Ensemble":[90],"Attention":[91],"Mechanism":[92],"(EAM)":[93],"uses":[95],"fine-tuning":[96],"transfer":[97],"address":[100],"these":[101],"pre-trained":[104],"(VGG16,":[105],"VGG19,":[106],"customized":[108],"ResNet":[109],"called":[110],"RiceNet,":[111],"which":[112],"comprises":[113],"ResNet18":[114],"ResNet50)":[116],"as":[117],"baseline":[118],"models,":[119],"specifically":[120],"tailored":[121],"improve":[123],"within":[128],"heterogeneous":[129],"datasets.":[130,230],"The":[131],"main":[132],"contribution":[133],"this":[135],"paper":[136],"introduce":[139],"RiceNet":[141,196],"framework":[142,245],"incorporates":[144],"ensemble":[145],"principles":[147],"attention":[149],"mechanisms":[150],"adaptively":[152],"balance":[153],"representation":[158,163],"effectively":[160],"integrating":[161],"every":[162],"mitigate":[165],"inherent":[166],"class":[167],"distribution":[168],"imbalances.":[169],"Comprehensive":[170],"ablation":[171],"studies":[172],"validate":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"each":[177],"component":[178],"framework,":[181],"demonstrating":[182],"significant":[183],"improvements":[184],"performance":[187],"compared":[188],"methods.":[191],"Furthermore,":[192],"evaluation":[194],"on":[197,225],"two":[198],"extensive":[199],"publicly":[200],"available":[201],"datasets":[202],"(close":[203],"environment":[204],"field":[206],"environment)":[207],"shows":[208],"its":[209],"superior":[210],"performance,":[211],"achieving":[212],"an":[213],"impressive":[214],"F1":[215],"score":[216],"100%":[218,224],"balanced":[221],"precision":[222],"both":[226],"large":[227],"small":[229],"sets":[233],"new":[235],"benchmark":[236],"for":[237],"provides":[242],"versatile":[244],"applicable":[246],"precision,":[249],"contributing":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}