{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395047583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5","title":"GPT for medical entity recognition in Spanish","display_name":"GPT for medical entity recognition in Spanish","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395047583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023776074","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Garc\u00eda-Barrag\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6377-8150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Garc\u00eda-Barrag\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021658624","display_name":"A. Calatayud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6439-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Gonz\u00e1lez Calatayud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089559663","display_name":"Oswaldo Solarte Pab\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0315-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91732220","display_name":"Universidad del Valle","ror":"https://ror.org/00jb9vg53","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91732220"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oswaldo Solarte-Pab\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91732220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085499011","display_name":"Mariano Provencio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-7919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105637","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda","ror":"https://ror.org/01e57nb43","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105637","https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Provencio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078567927","display_name":"Ernestina Menasalvas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-6798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernestina Menasalvas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035271106","display_name":"V\u0131\u0301ctor Robles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-2269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor Robles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023776074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2604,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97914716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"30","first_page":"36307","last_page":"36326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8833984136581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.6737210154533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6626704931259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6250351667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5934995412826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.590712308883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5734432935714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5611772537231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.5050981640815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.44730493426322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.4374575912952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41420772671699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4117073714733124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3977334797382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35954201221466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.14148956537246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.12588286399841309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8833984136581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.6737210154533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6626704931259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6250351667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5934995412826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.590712308883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5734432935714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5611772537231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.5050981640815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.44730493426322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.4374575912952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41420772671699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4117073714733124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3977334797382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35954201221466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.14148956537246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.12588286399841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oa.upm.es:88005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://oa.upm.es/88005/","pdf_url":"https://oa.upm.es/88005/1/10209285.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196323","display_name":"UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","host_organization_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications, ISSN 1380-7501, 2024","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-024-19209-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6091180571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"875160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395047583.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79139011","https://openalex.org/W2012560661","https://openalex.org/W2169099542","https://openalex.org/W2803437104","https://openalex.org/W2805211535","https://openalex.org/W2807800408","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2947903144","https://openalex.org/W2960193895","https://openalex.org/W2978511610","https://openalex.org/W2992706359","https://openalex.org/W2993873509","https://openalex.org/W3016682305","https://openalex.org/W3047190783","https://openalex.org/W3048179169","https://openalex.org/W3094215866","https://openalex.org/W3109225475","https://openalex.org/W3130583616","https://openalex.org/W3156308192","https://openalex.org/W3197045794","https://openalex.org/W3198507920","https://openalex.org/W3198980621","https://openalex.org/W4220913575","https://openalex.org/W4293812347","https://openalex.org/W4379598302","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4384382793","https://openalex.org/W4384517818","https://openalex.org/W4385163750","https://openalex.org/W4385569970","https://openalex.org/W4385647457","https://openalex.org/W4386836900","https://openalex.org/W4391216159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W3198729192","https://openalex.org/W4255258373","https://openalex.org/W2593907245","https://openalex.org/W3000685722","https://openalex.org/W4377865234","https://openalex.org/W2520117834","https://openalex.org/W626980589","https://openalex.org/W2757016069","https://openalex.org/W3216421539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,68],"recent":[2],"years,":[3],"there":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"a":[7,105,117,124,149,273],"remarkable":[8],"surge":[9],"in":[10,20,90,187,200,225,276,303,308,321],"the":[11,21,44,58,76,86,91,144,169,180,188,206,212,242,265,277,285,299],"development":[12],"of":[13,23,78,88,93,107,134,171,184,190,223,269,279],"Natural":[14],"Language":[15,50],"Processing":[16],"(NLP)":[17],"models,":[18],"particularly":[19],"realm":[22],"Named":[24],"Entity":[25],"Recognition":[26],"(NER).":[27],"Models":[28,51],"such":[29,159,227],"as":[30,160,228],"BERT":[31],"have":[32],"demonstrated":[33],"exceptional":[34],"performance,":[35],"leveraging":[36],"annotated":[37],"corpora":[38],"for":[39,60,281],"accurate":[40],"entity":[41,66],"identification.":[42],"However,":[43],"question":[45],"arises:":[46],"Can":[47],"newer":[48],"Large":[49],"(LLMs)":[52],"like":[53],"GPT":[54,89],"be":[55],"utilized":[56,104],"without":[57],"need":[59],"extensive":[61,315],"annotation,":[62,249],"thereby":[63],"enabling":[64],"direct":[65],"extraction?":[67],"this":[69,73,201,270],"study,":[70],"we":[71],"explore":[72],"issue,":[74],"comparing":[75],"efficacy":[77],"fine-tuning":[79],"techniques":[80],"with":[81,217,253,284],"prompting":[82],"methods":[83],"to":[84,111,142,167,178,236,240,256],"elucidate":[85],"potential":[87,320],"identification":[92],"medical":[94,259,322],"entities":[95],"within":[96,264],"Spanish":[97,108,192,237,282],"electronic":[98],"health":[99],"records":[100],"(EHR).":[101],"This":[102,174],"study":[103,271],"dataset":[106],"EHRs":[109,193],"related":[110],"breast":[112],"cancer":[113],"and":[114,123,132,163,182,195,211,231,261,310],"implemented":[115],"both":[116,205],"traditional":[118,207,300],"NER":[119,209,280],"method":[120,186,210,302],"using":[121,140],"BERT,":[122],"contemporary":[125],"approach":[126,176,288],"that":[127,152,204],"combines":[128],"few":[129,286],"shot":[130,287],"learning":[131],"integration":[133],"external":[135,218,294],"knowledge,":[136,219,295],"driven":[137,289],"by":[138,290,293],"LLMs":[139],"GPT,":[141],"structure":[143],"data.":[145],"The":[146,267],"analysis":[147,198],"involved":[148],"comprehensive":[150],"pipeline":[151],"included":[153],"these":[154],"methods.":[155],"Key":[156],"performance":[157],"metrics,":[158],"precision,":[161,229],"recall,":[162,230],"F-score,":[164],"were":[165],"used":[166],"evaluate":[168],"effectiveness":[170],"each":[172,185],"method.":[173],"comparative":[175,197],"aimed":[177],"highlight":[179,272],"strengths":[181],"limitations":[183],"context":[189],"structuring":[191],"efficiently":[194],"accurately.The":[196],"undertaken":[199],"article":[202],"demonstrates":[203],"BERT-based":[208,301],"few-shot":[213],"LLM-driven":[214,243],"approach,":[215,244],"augmented":[216],"provide":[220],"comparable":[221],"levels":[222],"precision":[224],"metrics":[226],"F":[232],"score":[233],"when":[234],"applied":[235],"EHR.":[238],"Contrary":[239],"expectations,":[241],"which":[245],"necessitates":[246],"minimal":[247,312],"data":[248,316,323],"performs":[250],"on":[251,314],"par":[252],"BERT\u2019s":[254],"capability":[255],"discern":[257],"complex":[258],"terminologies":[260],"contextual":[262],"nuances":[263],"EHRs.":[266],"results":[268],"notable":[274],"advance":[275],"field":[278],"EHRs,":[283],"LLM,":[291],"enhanced":[292],"slightly":[296],"edging":[297],"out":[298],"overall":[304],"effectiveness.":[305],"GPT\u2019s":[306],"superiority":[307],"F-score":[309],"its":[311,319],"reliance":[313],"annotation":[317],"underscore":[318],"processing.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
