{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388342819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x","title":"Simplifying YOLOv5 for deployment in a real crop monitoring setting","display_name":"Simplifying YOLOv5 for deployment in a real crop monitoring setting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388342819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041301484","display_name":"Emmanuel C. Nnadozie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0965-0937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["ES","NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel C. Nnadozie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria","Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria","Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059609720","display_name":"Pablo Casaseca\u2010de\u2010la\u2010Higuera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-0842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Casaseca-de-la-Higuera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005586968","display_name":"Ogechukwu N. Iloanusi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ogechukwu Iloanusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035923764","display_name":"Ozoemena Anthony Ani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-9249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozoemena Ani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028623087","display_name":"Carlos Alberola\u2010L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3684-0055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Alberola-L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041301484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353","https://openalex.org/I11892038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.919,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95536197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"17","first_page":"50197","last_page":"50223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10494","display_name":"Plant Virus Research Studies","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8486748337745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6352237462997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.625123918056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6239917278289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.5903615951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.4683498740196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.447033554315567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4170714020729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36382943391799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3505820631980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.24317389726638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.14750540256500244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8486748337745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6352237462997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.625123918056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6239917278289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5903615951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.4683498740196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.447033554315567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4170714020729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36382943391799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3505820631980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.24317389726638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.14750540256500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/66697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/66697","pdf_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/66697/1/Simplifying-YOLOv5-for-deployment.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401553","display_name":"UVaDOC UVaDOC University of Valladolid Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-023-17435-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1072089554","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-RISE-2020/101008297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6741079840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CPP2021-008880","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8557119279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-115339RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324500","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388342819.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1594573182","https://openalex.org/W1977733006","https://openalex.org/W2006668996","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2586062600","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2810270273","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2973126312","https://openalex.org/W3004103673","https://openalex.org/W3013935691","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3021494530","https://openalex.org/W3038678879","https://openalex.org/W3085201316","https://openalex.org/W3105077931","https://openalex.org/W3120868136","https://openalex.org/W3127134807","https://openalex.org/W3128646542","https://openalex.org/W3159196909","https://openalex.org/W3164612304","https://openalex.org/W3176909191","https://openalex.org/W3180134609","https://openalex.org/W3181576318","https://openalex.org/W3184439416","https://openalex.org/W3187295906","https://openalex.org/W3193053164","https://openalex.org/W3199427309","https://openalex.org/W3199810711","https://openalex.org/W3210311771","https://openalex.org/W3215698464","https://openalex.org/W4200128174","https://openalex.org/W4220731687","https://openalex.org/W4220953591","https://openalex.org/W4220973222","https://openalex.org/W4226272687","https://openalex.org/W4226329588","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297676427","https://openalex.org/W4308478437","https://openalex.org/W4309478457","https://openalex.org/W4310428497","https://openalex.org/W4318344225","https://openalex.org/W4320487943","https://openalex.org/W4323644307","https://openalex.org/W4362666020","https://openalex.org/W4381327697","https://openalex.org/W4381460236","https://openalex.org/W4385128292","https://openalex.org/W4385495695","https://openalex.org/W4394650770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382323155","https://openalex.org/W4315697128","https://openalex.org/W3205506801","https://openalex.org/W3092292339","https://openalex.org/W2949096641","https://openalex.org/W2970686063","https://openalex.org/W3034745255","https://openalex.org/W4254103348","https://openalex.org/W4285052417","https://openalex.org/W2901674361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Deep":[1],"learning-based":[2],"object":[3,65,105],"detection":[4,13,66,74,100,106,125,199,234],"models":[5,67,131,140,154,194],"have":[6,52],"become":[7],"a":[8,37,133,185],"preferred":[9],"choice":[10],"for":[11,39,132,197],"crop":[12,16,47,135,198],"tasks":[14,200],"in":[15,46,160,169,175,180,216],"monitoring":[17,48,136],"activities":[18],"due":[19,209],"to":[20,55,112,157,210,225],"their":[21,28],"high":[22,29,212],"accuracy":[23,188],"and":[24,32,60,71,89,116,147],"generalization":[25],"capabilities.":[26],"However,":[27],"computational":[30,58,85],"demand":[31],"large":[33],"memory":[34],"footprint":[35],"pose":[36],"challenge":[38],"use":[40,137],"on":[41,143],"mobile":[42],"embedded":[43],"devices":[44],"deployed":[45,142],"settings.":[49],"Various":[50],"approaches":[51],"been":[53],"taken":[54],"minimize":[56],"the":[57,62,98,103,129,139,202,211,217,227],"cost":[59],"reduce":[61],"size":[63],"of":[64,97,102,171,190,206,214],"such":[68],"as":[69],"channel":[70],"layer":[72],"pruning,":[73],"head":[75],"searching,":[76],"backbone":[77],"optimization,":[78],"etc.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"work,":[82],"we":[83,109],"approached":[84],"lightening,":[86],"model":[87,176],"compression,":[88],"speed":[90],"improvement":[91],"by":[92],"discarding":[93],"one":[94,122,231],"or":[95,123,232],"more":[96],"three":[99],"scales":[101],"YOLOv5":[104],"model.":[107],"Thus,":[108],"derived":[110],"up":[111,156],"five":[113],"separate":[114],"fast":[115],"light":[117],"models,":[118],"each":[119],"with":[120,183,229],"only":[121,184],"two":[124,233],"scales.":[126,235],"To":[127],"evaluate":[128],"new":[130,153,193],"real":[134],"case,":[138],"were":[141],"NVIDIA":[144,148],"Jetson":[145,149],"nano":[146],"Orin":[150],"devices.":[151],"The":[152],"achieved":[155],"21.4%":[158],"reduction":[159,168,174],"giga":[161],"floating-point":[162],"operations":[163],"per":[164],"second":[165],"(GFLOPS),":[166],"31.9%":[167],"number":[170],"parameters,":[172],"30.8%":[173],"size,":[177],"28.1%":[178],"increase":[179],"inference":[181],"speed,":[182],"small":[186],"average":[187],"drop":[189],"3.6%.":[191],"These":[192],"are":[195,204],"suitable":[196],"since":[201],"crops":[203,228],"usually":[205],"similar":[207],"sizes":[208],"likelihood":[213],"being":[215],"same":[218],"growth":[219],"stage,":[220],"thus,":[221],"making":[222],"it":[223],"sufficient":[224],"detect":[226],"just":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-06T07:47:59.780226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}