{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387021637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16678-y","title":"Detection of content-based cybercrime in Roman Kashmiri using ensemble learning","display_name":"Detection of content-based cybercrime in Roman Kashmiri using ensemble learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387021637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16678-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-023-16678-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16678-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688503","display_name":"Umar Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-2574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114724429","display_name":"Central University of Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/02kknsa06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114724429"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umar Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114724429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085394606","display_name":"Parvinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-7769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114724429","display_name":"Central University of Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/02kknsa06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114724429"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Parvinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114724429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047206396","display_name":"Surinder Singh Khurana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9752-8060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114724429","display_name":"Central University of Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/02kknsa06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114724429"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surinder Singh Khurana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114724429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055589318","display_name":"Munish Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0115-1620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136518","display_name":"Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7qz240","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136518"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munish Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136518"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085394606"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114724429"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10661728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"11","first_page":"33071","last_page":"33105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kashmiri","display_name":"Kashmiri","score":0.902378499507904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8526879549026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.6695080995559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.6523450016975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48418620228767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.4689449965953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.4412824213504791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/devanagari","display_name":"Devanagari","score":0.4390566945075989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4331052899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4320318102836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.35980427265167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2756466269493103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776828431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33552","display_name":"Kashmiri","level":3,"score":0.902378499507904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8526879549026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.6695080995559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.6523450016975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48418620228767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.4689449965953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4412824213504791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780144916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38592","display_name":"Devanagari","level":4,"score":0.4390566945075989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4331052899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4320318102836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.35980427265167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2756466269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-023-16678-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16678-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592871261","https://openalex.org/W621405985","https://openalex.org/W975100111","https://openalex.org/W1492737170","https://openalex.org/W1515070400","https://openalex.org/W1611417529","https://openalex.org/W1615689293","https://openalex.org/W1619992285","https://openalex.org/W1967022892","https://openalex.org/W1997326096","https://openalex.org/W2016799133","https://openalex.org/W2033685991","https://openalex.org/W2034757259","https://openalex.org/W2036274154","https://openalex.org/W2041217019","https://openalex.org/W2059448124","https://openalex.org/W2075915611","https://openalex.org/W2090445307","https://openalex.org/W2139378427","https://openalex.org/W2157668161","https://openalex.org/W2158582847","https://openalex.org/W2167117133","https://openalex.org/W2169587423","https://openalex.org/W2251162390","https://openalex.org/W2277200722","https://openalex.org/W2291247738","https://openalex.org/W2473056847","https://openalex.org/W2613332993","https://openalex.org/W2728468266","https://openalex.org/W2910314344","https://openalex.org/W2912431116","https://openalex.org/W2921575914","https://openalex.org/W2956932432","https://openalex.org/W2974781999","https://openalex.org/W2975435895","https://openalex.org/W3013308159","https://openalex.org/W3130041495","https://openalex.org/W3130794737","https://openalex.org/W3135035696","https://openalex.org/W3135151374","https://openalex.org/W4284678833","https://openalex.org/W4327693079","https://openalex.org/W6678162470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3023169329","https://openalex.org/W4389470870","https://openalex.org/W2782165897","https://openalex.org/W3173558315","https://openalex.org/W4300438041","https://openalex.org/W2054104202","https://openalex.org/W2139703748","https://openalex.org/W2761254753","https://openalex.org/W1024825291","https://openalex.org/W2188981919"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}