{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210389424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12177-8","title":"Pakistani traffic-sign recognition using transfer learning","display_name":"Pakistani traffic-sign recognition using transfer learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210389424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12177-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-022-12177-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12177-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071487479","display_name":"Zain Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-0828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143719379","display_name":"Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vf56d70","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zain Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046051638","display_name":"Zainullah Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143719379","display_name":"Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vf56d70","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027468102","display_name":"Usama Mir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-6279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143719379","display_name":"Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vf56d70","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Usama Mir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-6279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020120707","display_name":"Umer Iftikhar Mir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143719379","display_name":"Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vf56d70","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umer Iftikhar Mir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061329473","display_name":"Shahnawaz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0025-1749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143719379","display_name":"Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vf56d70","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8541234","display_name":"University College of Bahrain","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2z1b30","country_code":"BH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8541234"]}],"countries":["BH","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahnawaz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","University College of Bahrain, Saar, Bahrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College of Bahrain, Saar, Bahrain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8541234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005684592","display_name":"Hamza Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-2678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143719379","display_name":"Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vf56d70","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016083749","display_name":"Junaid Sultan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143719379","display_name":"Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vf56d70","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Sultan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143719379"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027468102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143719379","https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81345851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"6","first_page":"8429","last_page":"8449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9175493121147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.7855061292648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6966296434402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.6576683521270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6063345670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.600325882434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5461155772209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4852611720561981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4790583550930023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44940513372421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.4413694143295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.41658222675323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.39118492603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3503299951553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32946842908859253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9175493121147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.7855061292648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6966296434402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.6576683521270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6063345670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.600325882434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5461155772209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4852611720561981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4790583550930023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44940513372421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.4413694143295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41658222675323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39118492603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3503299951553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32946842908859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-022-12177-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12177-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16455933","https://openalex.org/W1547911715","https://openalex.org/W1566134554","https://openalex.org/W1977610018","https://openalex.org/W2015861736","https://openalex.org/W2052533453","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2084663230","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117876524","https://openalex.org/W2118155754","https://openalex.org/W2126628495","https://openalex.org/W2132474538","https://openalex.org/W2150333870","https://openalex.org/W2151532744","https://openalex.org/W2154514661","https://openalex.org/W2174983451","https://openalex.org/W2432612364","https://openalex.org/W2529543620","https://openalex.org/W2759636792","https://openalex.org/W2792996397","https://openalex.org/W2887280559","https://openalex.org/W2887801798","https://openalex.org/W2906424845","https://openalex.org/W2909392184","https://openalex.org/W2911563717","https://openalex.org/W2916840086","https://openalex.org/W2937443896","https://openalex.org/W2939880928","https://openalex.org/W2944443343","https://openalex.org/W2947304242","https://openalex.org/W2992420749","https://openalex.org/W3003922739","https://openalex.org/W3028149444","https://openalex.org/W3047433257","https://openalex.org/W3104353633","https://openalex.org/W3106324661","https://openalex.org/W3119657316","https://openalex.org/W3122453825","https://openalex.org/W3134858850","https://openalex.org/W3153300691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366224123","https://openalex.org/W4381832759","https://openalex.org/W3159690776","https://openalex.org/W2738221750","https://openalex.org/W3015723412","https://openalex.org/W3165525989","https://openalex.org/W4380630575","https://openalex.org/W4380881507","https://openalex.org/W2771850222","https://openalex.org/W4221014278"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
