{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213175663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y","title":"Recognizing COVID-19 from chest X-ray images for people in rural and remote areas based on deep transfer learning model","display_name":"Recognizing COVID-19 from chest X-ray images for people in rural and remote areas based on deep transfer learning model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213175663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35221780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072724523","display_name":"Mamoun Qjidaa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoun Qjidaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Radiology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Radiology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058431231","display_name":"Anass Benfares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-1058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anass Ben-Fares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Computer Science Signals Automation and Cognitivism, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Computer Science Signals Automation and Cognitivism, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086546445","display_name":"Hicham Amakdouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-0406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hicham Amakdouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Computer Science Signals Automation and Cognitivism, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Computer Science Signals Automation and Cognitivism, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078234092","display_name":"Mostafa El Mallahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-6799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa El Mallahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Normal School, Mathematics and Computer Sciences Department, Laboratory of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Physics, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-6799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Normal School, Mathematics and Computer Sciences Department, Laboratory of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Physics, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068811359","display_name":"Badreeddine Alami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8014-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Badre-eddine Alami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Radiology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Radiology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110640999","display_name":"Mustapha Ma\u00e2roufi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha Maaroufi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Radiology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Radiology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007045877","display_name":"Ahmed Lakhssassi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33217400","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais","ror":"https://ror.org/011pqxa69","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33217400","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Lakhssassi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Engineering and Advanced Micro Systems, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Engineering and Advanced Micro Systems, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33217400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090460868","display_name":"Hassan Qjidaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4505-5243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Qjidaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Computer Science Signals Automation and Cognitivism, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Computer Science Signals Automation and Cognitivism, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078234092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.155,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75770303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"9","first_page":"13115","last_page":"13135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9456999897956848,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8554137349128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.7712599039077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6894254684448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6863897442817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6745920777320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6432108879089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6246786117553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.591305673122406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.513671338558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4674077332019806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42777112126350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39078548550605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06935560703277588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8554137349128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.7712599039077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6894254684448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6863897442817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6745920777320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6432108879089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6246786117553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.591305673122406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.513671338558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4674077332019806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42777112126350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39078548550605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06935560703277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35221780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35221780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia tools and applications","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8863907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8863907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimed Tools Appl","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-022-12030-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213175663.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213175663.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2156940638","https://openalex.org/W2521537533","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2563608674","https://openalex.org/W2604960500","https://openalex.org/W2609891297","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2645575888","https://openalex.org/W2759828119","https://openalex.org/W2775818695","https://openalex.org/W2790014237","https://openalex.org/W2797514659","https://openalex.org/W2925108882","https://openalex.org/W2949942603","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2974204346","https://openalex.org/W2999535351","https://openalex.org/W3001118548","https://openalex.org/W3001195213","https://openalex.org/W3003637715","https://openalex.org/W3004906315","https://openalex.org/W3005879071","https://openalex.org/W3005929298","https://openalex.org/W3007497549","https://openalex.org/W3010223921","https://openalex.org/W3013507463","https://openalex.org/W3013601031","https://openalex.org/W3014099456","https://openalex.org/W3015269713","https://openalex.org/W3016254328","https://openalex.org/W3017855299","https://openalex.org/W3033616466","https://openalex.org/W3042261780","https://openalex.org/W3047367639","https://openalex.org/W3087171538","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3133191822","https://openalex.org/W3162351260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W3166467183","https://openalex.org/W3091976719","https://openalex.org/W3018421652","https://openalex.org/W3189091156","https://openalex.org/W2997709384","https://openalex.org/W4362564549","https://openalex.org/W4220996320","https://openalex.org/W4366224123","https://openalex.org/W2738221750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,31,130,152],"this":[1,64,131],"article,":[2],"we":[3,66,115,133,220],"propose":[4,67],"Deep":[5,70],"Transfer":[6,71],"Learning":[7,72],"(DTL)":[8],"Model":[9],"for":[10,35,154],"recognizing":[11],"covid-19":[12],"from":[13,95],"chest":[14,91],"x-ray":[15],"images.":[16],"The":[17,46,183,254],"latter":[18],"is":[19,39,49,257],"less":[20],"expensive,":[21],"easily":[22],"accessible":[23],"to":[24,41,57,68,111,237,248],"populations":[25],"in":[26,213],"rural":[27],"and":[28,44,78,89,114,138,196,275,301],"remote":[29],"areas.":[30],"addition,":[32,153],"the":[33,50,101,104,118,122,145,156,166,168,176,179,201,204,208,214,217,223,239,242,249,281,284],"device":[34],"acquiring":[36],"these":[37],"images":[38,94,150],"easy":[40],"disinfect,":[42],"clean":[43],"maintain.":[45],"main":[47],"challenge":[48],"lack":[51],"of":[52,103,106,121,141,148,158,178,203,207,216,241,244,252,264,269,273,278,294,299,305],"labeled":[53],"training":[54],"data":[55],"needed":[56],"train":[58,117],"convolutional":[59],"neural":[60],"networks.":[61],"To":[62,199],"overcome":[63],"issue,":[65],"leverage":[69],"architecture":[73],"pre-trained":[74,110,181],"on":[75,81,124],"ImageNet":[76],"dataset":[77,83],"trained":[79],"Fine-Tuning":[80],"a":[82,136,172,188,261,276,297],"prepared":[84],"by":[85,286],"collecting":[86],"normal,":[87],"COVID-19,":[88],"other":[90],"pneumonia":[92,194],"X-ray":[93],"different":[96],"available":[97],"databases.":[98],"We":[99],"take":[100],"weights":[102],"layers":[105,120],"each":[107],"network":[108,123],"already":[109],"our":[112,125,142,159,245],"model":[113,143,161,185,246,256],"only":[116,163],"last":[119],"collected":[126],"COVID-19":[127,149,192],"image":[128,209],"dataset.":[129],"way,":[132],"will":[134,162,186,221],"ensure":[135],"fast":[137],"precise":[139],"convergence":[140],"despite":[144],"small":[146],"number":[147],"collected.":[151],"improving":[155],"accuracy":[157,263,272,293],"global":[160],"predict":[164],"at":[165,280],"output":[167],"prediction":[169,215,243,251,285],"having":[170],"obtained":[171],"maximum":[173],"score":[174,268,304],"among":[175],"predictions":[177],"seven":[180],"CNNs.":[182],"proposed":[184,255],"address":[187],"three-class":[189],"classification":[190],"problem:":[191],"class,":[193,195,219],"normal":[197],"class.":[198],"show":[200,238],"location":[202],"important":[205],"regions":[206],"which":[210],"strongly":[211],"participated":[212],"considered":[218],"use":[222],"Gradient":[224],"Weighted":[225],"Class":[226],"Activation":[227],"Mapping":[228],"(Grad-CAM)":[229],"approach.":[230],"A":[231],"comparative":[232],"study":[233],"was":[234],"carried":[235],"out":[236],"robustness":[240],"compared":[247],"visual":[250],"radiologists.":[253],"more":[258],"efficient":[259],"with":[260,296],"test":[262],"98%,":[265],"an":[266,271,292,302],"f1":[267,303],"98.33%,":[270],"98.66%":[274],"sensitivity":[277,298],"98.33%":[279],"time":[282],"when":[283],"renowned":[287],"radiologists":[288],"could":[289],"not":[290],"exceed":[291],"63.34%":[295],"70%":[300],"66.67%.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}