{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149581333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x","title":"An offline parallel architecture for forensic multimedia classification","display_name":"An offline parallel architecture for forensic multimedia classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149581333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x","mag":"3149581333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055715757","display_name":"Luca Spalazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-6632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Spalazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091088374","display_name":"Marina Paolanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-7174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Paolanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000889718","display_name":"Emanuele Frontoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-9244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele Frontoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055715757"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1938,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46490745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"16","first_page":"22715","last_page":"22730"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9131281971931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"Digital forensics","score":0.6841883659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.5441180467605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.518566906452179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5110005140304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5055832862854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4995729923248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.4961160123348236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4383655786514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4277046024799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.42407748103141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4215964674949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suspect","display_name":"Suspect","score":0.4160464406013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3797781765460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28621718287467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2500879168510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11438193917274475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9131281971931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.6841883659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.5441180467605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.518566906452179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5110005140304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5055832862854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4995729923248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.4961160123348236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4383655786514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4277046024799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.42407748103141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4215964674949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224952","display_name":"Suspect","level":2,"score":0.4160464406013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3797781765460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28621718287467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2500879168510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11438193917274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.univpm.it:11566/291740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11566/291740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402571","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche (Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","host_organization_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:u-pad.unimc.it:11393/291382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11393/291382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196455","display_name":"U-PAD Unimc - Open Digital Publications (University of Macerata)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55133342","host_organization_name":"University of Macerata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55133342"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-021-10819-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323420","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3149581333.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3149581333.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W906032271","https://openalex.org/W1928427522","https://openalex.org/W1986384291","https://openalex.org/W1998248280","https://openalex.org/W2029075861","https://openalex.org/W2030463866","https://openalex.org/W2032265427","https://openalex.org/W2051930945","https://openalex.org/W2058503310","https://openalex.org/W2059621286","https://openalex.org/W2061981875","https://openalex.org/W2065867336","https://openalex.org/W2075831435","https://openalex.org/W2106075360","https://openalex.org/W2112397370","https://openalex.org/W2122938848","https://openalex.org/W2123495974","https://openalex.org/W2126178892","https://openalex.org/W2130372280","https://openalex.org/W2133765780","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2159306783","https://openalex.org/W2170848430","https://openalex.org/W2186562273","https://openalex.org/W2207797779","https://openalex.org/W2213892522","https://openalex.org/W2223083145","https://openalex.org/W2252656680","https://openalex.org/W2294476764","https://openalex.org/W2344201907","https://openalex.org/W2396681095","https://openalex.org/W2515585988","https://openalex.org/W2526423219","https://openalex.org/W2542200511","https://openalex.org/W2608442906","https://openalex.org/W2788789330","https://openalex.org/W2887134435","https://openalex.org/W2899235433","https://openalex.org/W2946289892","https://openalex.org/W2993503428","https://openalex.org/W3002203576","https://openalex.org/W3103287961","https://openalex.org/W3142128536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197016913","https://openalex.org/W2389153751","https://openalex.org/W2338899373","https://openalex.org/W4252285266","https://openalex.org/W199254545","https://openalex.org/W4386728183","https://openalex.org/W2997836625","https://openalex.org/W2571652328","https://openalex.org/W1521486970","https://openalex.org/W1975357770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Nowadays,":[1],"the":[2,5,19,153,162,165,170,174,185,195],"volume":[3],"of":[4,21,67,187,200],"multimedia":[6,80],"heterogeneous":[7],"evidence":[8],"presented":[9],"for":[10,44,88,147,164,173],"digital":[11,36,68],"forensic":[12,65],"analysis":[13,66,150,176],"has":[14],"significantly":[15],"increased,":[16],"thus":[17],"requiring":[18],"application":[20],"big":[22],"data":[23],"technologies,":[24],"cloud-based":[25],"forensics":[26,37],"services,":[27],"as":[28,30,48,167,169],"well":[29,168],"Machine":[31],"Learning":[32],"(ML)":[33],"techniques.":[34],"In":[35,72],"domain,":[38],"ML":[39],"algorithms":[40],"have":[41],"been":[42],"applied":[43],"cybercrime":[45],"investigation":[46],"such":[47,142],"child":[49,188],"abuse":[50],"investigations,":[51],"malware":[52],"classification,":[53],"and":[54,62,70,109,208],"image":[55],"forensics.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"addresses":[59],"this":[60,74,122],"issues":[61],"deals":[63],"with":[64,83],"images":[69],"videos.":[71],"particular,":[73],"work":[75],"aims":[76],"at":[77,132],"proposing":[78],"a":[79,84,89,103,133,140,148,179,202,205],"classification":[81],"tool":[82,123],"parallel":[85],"software":[86,116],"architecture":[87,197],"fast":[90,206],"inspection,":[91],"which":[92],"is":[93,111,198],"easy":[94],"to":[95,117,127],"use":[96],"(to":[97],"be":[98,125,145,158],"used":[99],"by":[100],"officers":[101],"during":[102],"search),":[104],"requires":[105],"limited":[106],"hardware":[107],"resources":[108],"it":[110],"built":[112],"on":[113,184],"an":[114],"open-source":[115],"limit":[118],"its":[119],"costs.":[120],"Moreover,":[121],"must":[124],"able":[126],"quickly":[128],"inspect":[129],"multiple":[130],"devices":[131],"time.":[134],"When":[135],"positives":[136],"are":[137],"found":[138],"in":[139,152,211],"device,":[141],"device":[143],"will":[144,156],"seized":[146,159],"deeper":[149],"later":[151],"lab.":[154],"It":[155],"not":[157],"otherwise,":[160],"reducing":[161],"inconvenience":[163],"suspect":[166],"time":[171],"required":[172],"next":[175],"phase.":[177],"As":[178],"case":[180],"study,":[181],"we":[182],"focus":[183],"identification":[186],"pornography":[189],"images.":[190],"Experimental":[191],"results":[192],"show":[193],"that":[194],"proposed":[196],"capable":[199],"guaranteeing":[201],"high":[203,209],"recall,":[204],"process":[207],"performances":[210],"real":[212],"scenarios.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
