{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043259173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09278-7","title":"A comparative study of human facial age estimation: handcrafted features vs. deep features","display_name":"A comparative study of human facial age estimation: handcrafted features vs. deep features","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043259173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09278-7","mag":"3043259173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09278-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09278-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080484799","display_name":"Salah Eddine Bekhouche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-7407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086990","display_name":"Ziane Achour University of Djelfa","ror":"https://ror.org/000jvv118","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086990"]}],"countries":["DZ","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"SE. Bekhouche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria","University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain","Laboratory of Development in Mechanics and Materials, University of Djelfa, Algeria","University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Development in Mechanics and Materials, University of Djelfa, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081042741","display_name":"Fadi Dornaika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-9680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110594554","display_name":"Ikerbasque","ror":"https://ror.org/01cc3fy72","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110594554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Dornaika","raw_affiliation_strings":["IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain","University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110594554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089464212","display_name":"Azeddine Benlamoudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114564095","display_name":"University of Ouargla","ror":"https://ror.org/05amrd548","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Benlamoudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facult\u00e9 des Nouvelles Technologies de l\u2019information et de la communication, Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie \u00c9lectrique (LAGE), University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Ouargla, 30000, Algeria","University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facult\u00e9 des Nouvelles Technologies de l\u2019information et de la communication, Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie \u00c9lectrique (LAGE), University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Ouargla, 30000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015394599","display_name":"Abdelkrim Ouafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6083-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206961696","display_name":"University of Biskra","ror":"https://ror.org/05fr5y859","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59196294","display_name":"University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq1d339","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}],"countries":["CM","DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ouafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of LESIA, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria","Laboratoire Energie Signal Images et Automatique [Univ Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of LESIA, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Energie Signal Images et Automatique [Univ Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088214859","display_name":"Abdelmalik Taleb\u2010Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-3799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70348806","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Polytechnique Hauts-de-France","ror":"https://ror.org/02ezch769","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70348806"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Taleb-Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEMN DOAE UMR CNRS 8520, UPHF, 59313, Valenciennes, France","Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie - D\u00e9partement Opto-Acousto-\u00c9lectronique - UMR 8520","Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520","COMmunications NUM\u00e9riques - IEMN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN DOAE UMR CNRS 8520, UPHF, 59313, Valenciennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie - D\u00e9partement Opto-Acousto-\u00c9lectronique - UMR 8520","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMmunications NUM\u00e9riques - IEMN","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080484799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374","https://openalex.org/I4210086990"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84707701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"35-36","first_page":"26605","last_page":"26622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8897513151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6516764163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6324331760406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5755239725112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5632501244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.5522928237915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.5320025086402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5018386840820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4997594356536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47542741894721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.460722953081131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4527006149291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41204720735549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.407917857170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3718877136707306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8897513151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6516764163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6324331760406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5755239725112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5632501244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5522928237915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.5320025086402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5018386840820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4997594356536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47542741894721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.460722953081131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4527006149291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41204720735549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.407917857170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3718877136707306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09278-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09278-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03321567v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03321567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2020, 79 (35-36), pp.26605-26622. ⟨10.1007/s11042-020-09278-7⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502160187","https://openalex.org/W1607979445","https://openalex.org/W1669690275","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1772300941","https://openalex.org/W1905153633","https://openalex.org/W2004360294","https://openalex.org/W2020021186","https://openalex.org/W2057781375","https://openalex.org/W2073351001","https://openalex.org/W2078046525","https://openalex.org/W2083462304","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2103077782","https://openalex.org/W2105026179","https://openalex.org/W2114190375","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2121939926","https://openalex.org/W2137802466","https://openalex.org/W2148681423","https://openalex.org/W2153110463","https://openalex.org/W2163626514","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2164034100","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2186574009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2231014780","https://openalex.org/W2239239723","https://openalex.org/W2259336489","https://openalex.org/W2274745179","https://openalex.org/W2294927881","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2470405576","https://openalex.org/W2483369080","https://openalex.org/W2535798196","https://openalex.org/W2557430144","https://openalex.org/W2584341455","https://openalex.org/W2592168458","https://openalex.org/W2599197737","https://openalex.org/W2614580201","https://openalex.org/W2740882943","https://openalex.org/W2751572766","https://openalex.org/W2766547867","https://openalex.org/W2772936956","https://openalex.org/W2781942174","https://openalex.org/W2807323414","https://openalex.org/W2831800342","https://openalex.org/W2889451804","https://openalex.org/W2890467356","https://openalex.org/W2907771052","https://openalex.org/W2931920616","https://openalex.org/W2940241311","https://openalex.org/W2962851632","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2972970563","https://openalex.org/W3000626837","https://openalex.org/W4206096925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W4295769391","https://openalex.org/W2972220648","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W2095030957","https://openalex.org/W2066827917","https://openalex.org/W2884201223"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2020-07-23T00:00:00"}