{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045714998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09261-2","title":"A review on face recognition systems: recent approaches and challenges","display_name":"A review on face recognition systems: recent approaches and challenges","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045714998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09261-2","mag":"3045714998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09261-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09261-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039375381","display_name":"Muhtahir O. Oloyede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-0179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134542131","display_name":"University of Ilorin","ror":"https://ror.org/032kdwk38","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["NG","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhtahir O. Oloyede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","Department of Information and Communication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088746380","display_name":"Gerhard P. Hancke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-687X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard P. Hancke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010024024","display_name":"Hermanus C. Myburgh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-4518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hermanus C. Myburgh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039375381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131","https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97302571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"37-38","first_page":"27891","last_page":"27922"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8746774196624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7870273590087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.655298113822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6298559904098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6158506870269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5263770222663879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.5208430886268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4566371738910675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.4378122389316559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35504060983657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3226380944252014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8746774196624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7870273590087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.655298113822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6298559904098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6158506870269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5263770222663879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5208430886268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4566371738910675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4378122389316559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35504060983657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3226380944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09261-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09261-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1425104224","https://openalex.org/W1578892835","https://openalex.org/W1584593948","https://openalex.org/W1600550542","https://openalex.org/W1747367457","https://openalex.org/W1908991523","https://openalex.org/W1928778296","https://openalex.org/W1964414683","https://openalex.org/W1964512344","https://openalex.org/W1965947362","https://openalex.org/W1967273524","https://openalex.org/W1981660604","https://openalex.org/W1984383530","https://openalex.org/W1998460162","https://openalex.org/W2001178002","https://openalex.org/W2007222021","https://openalex.org/W2013661714","https://openalex.org/W2023775338","https://openalex.org/W2047603530","https://openalex.org/W2071766335","https://openalex.org/W2090341258","https://openalex.org/W2093764961","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2096171208","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2109002458","https://openalex.org/W2109647201","https://openalex.org/W2111866773","https://openalex.org/W2112940348","https://openalex.org/W2113341759","https://openalex.org/W2120480077","https://openalex.org/W2133155825","https://openalex.org/W2140509289","https://openalex.org/W2143619097","https://openalex.org/W2146474141","https://openalex.org/W2160532515","https://openalex.org/W2161308290","https://openalex.org/W2282289695","https://openalex.org/W2285788670","https://openalex.org/W2292056273","https://openalex.org/W2304134348","https://openalex.org/W2340395309","https://openalex.org/W2360350078","https://openalex.org/W2395630652","https://openalex.org/W2401696618","https://openalex.org/W2441198140","https://openalex.org/W2503458650","https://openalex.org/W2506506742","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2520596762","https://openalex.org/W2521344471","https://openalex.org/W2524815318","https://openalex.org/W2525870730","https://openalex.org/W2526403378","https://openalex.org/W2526768108","https://openalex.org/W2536692889","https://openalex.org/W2538390584","https://openalex.org/W2545783767","https://openalex.org/W2559289659","https://openalex.org/W2560926047","https://openalex.org/W2561648494","https://openalex.org/W2570286305","https://openalex.org/W2579872124","https://openalex.org/W2584117724","https://openalex.org/W2586392958","https://openalex.org/W2594374628","https://openalex.org/W2599211034","https://openalex.org/W2604976973","https://openalex.org/W2607397476","https://openalex.org/W2612229110","https://openalex.org/W2613061733","https://openalex.org/W2615237916","https://openalex.org/W2621061298","https://openalex.org/W2624353165","https://openalex.org/W2624767936","https://openalex.org/W2626685773","https://openalex.org/W2737897248","https://openalex.org/W2742748318","https://openalex.org/W2756807093","https://openalex.org/W2761475327","https://openalex.org/W2765301827","https://openalex.org/W2765635051","https://openalex.org/W2768725293","https://openalex.org/W2777044024","https://openalex.org/W2779166865","https://openalex.org/W2783750485","https://openalex.org/W2789822157","https://openalex.org/W2790350006","https://openalex.org/W2791202405","https://openalex.org/W2791750046","https://openalex.org/W2791957477","https://openalex.org/W2796393657","https://openalex.org/W2800694030","https://openalex.org/W2902578897","https://openalex.org/W2905227840","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914644580","https://openalex.org/W2921036759","https://openalex.org/W2939587112","https://openalex.org/W2961224374","https://openalex.org/W2962714886","https://openalex.org/W2962827684","https://openalex.org/W2963559058","https://openalex.org/W2964164433","https://openalex.org/W2967311343","https://openalex.org/W2967317351","https://openalex.org/W2979329349","https://openalex.org/W6601313673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2811048914","https://openalex.org/W1982479144","https://openalex.org/W1995633573","https://openalex.org/W2767198796","https://openalex.org/W4200422973","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
