{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996595210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2","title":"The efficient real- and non-real-time make and model recognition of cars","display_name":"The efficient real- and non-real-time make and model recognition of cars","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996595210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2","mag":"1996595210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073792469","display_name":"Remigiusz Baran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-5642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169109204","display_name":"Kielce University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zywja13","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169109204"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Remigiusz Baran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics and Computer Science, al. 1000-lecia P.P. 7, 25-314, Kielce, Poland","Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics and Computer Science, Kielce, Poland 25-314#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics and Computer Science, al. 1000-lecia P.P. 7, 25-314, Kielce, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169109204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics and Computer Science, Kielce, Poland 25-314#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169109204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103336896","display_name":"Andrzej G\u0142owacz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Glowacz","raw_affiliation_strings":["AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Telecommunications, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","AGH University of Science and Technology,Department of Telecommunications,Krakow,Poland,30-059"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Telecommunications, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AGH University of Science and Technology,Department of Telecommunications,Krakow,Poland,30-059","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007772877","display_name":"Andrzej Matiola\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1629-1821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Matiolanski","raw_affiliation_strings":["AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Telecommunications, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","AGH University of Science and Technology,Department of Telecommunications,Krakow,Poland,30-059"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Telecommunications, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AGH University of Science and Technology,Department of Telecommunications,Krakow,Poland,30-059","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073792469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169109204"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5174,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96372985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"12","first_page":"4269","last_page":"4288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8982545733451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6905971765518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49467775225639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.4708414077758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4546715021133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.41503915190696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38512396812438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32414889335632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.08391425013542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07755792140960693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8982545733451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6905971765518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49467775225639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4708414077758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4546715021133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.41503915190696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38512396812438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32414889335632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.08391425013542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07755792140960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11042-013-1545-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3727916160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POIG.01.01.02-00-062/09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6660225447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"co-financed","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996595210.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21200303","https://openalex.org/W161846778","https://openalex.org/W194819054","https://openalex.org/W623176360","https://openalex.org/W646867968","https://openalex.org/W840021694","https://openalex.org/W1485800236","https://openalex.org/W1515244452","https://openalex.org/W1537201070","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1574496672","https://openalex.org/W1575832747","https://openalex.org/W1595323960","https://openalex.org/W1784058183","https://openalex.org/W1869391892","https://openalex.org/W1924485039","https://openalex.org/W2007034089","https://openalex.org/W2012831311","https://openalex.org/W2040212551","https://openalex.org/W2042241913","https://openalex.org/W2051102633","https://openalex.org/W2069912449","https://openalex.org/W2082955682","https://openalex.org/W2090216855","https://openalex.org/W2090341258","https://openalex.org/W2090759308","https://openalex.org/W2115528090","https://openalex.org/W2117853853","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2123203601","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2125886398","https://openalex.org/W2126095558","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2128427846","https://openalex.org/W2129476886","https://openalex.org/W2131490314","https://openalex.org/W2134288431","https://openalex.org/W2134365368","https://openalex.org/W2135359007","https://openalex.org/W2148089441","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2164360576","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2171786422","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2501887366","https://openalex.org/W2616346152","https://openalex.org/W2966207845","https://openalex.org/W4232632925","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W2002978035","https://openalex.org/W2961779879","https://openalex.org/W797688974","https://openalex.org/W2209382646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Make":[0,40],"and":[1,41,49,103,115,150],"Model":[2,42],"recognition":[3],"of":[4,12,39,44,61,89,127,138],"cars":[5,45],"(MMR)":[6],"has":[7],"become":[8],"an":[9],"important":[10],"element":[11],"automatic":[13],"vision":[14],"based":[15],"systems.":[16,34],"Nowadays,":[17],"MMR":[18,53,99,120],"utility":[19],"is":[20,65,86],"commonly":[21],"added":[22],"to":[23,56,67,91,118,132,142],"traffic":[24],"monitoring":[25],"(e.g.":[26],"Licence":[27],"Plate":[28],"Recognition)":[29],"or":[30],"law":[31],"enforcement":[32],"surveillance":[33],"Facing":[35],"the":[36,84,97,124,139],"growing":[37],"significance":[38],"Recognition":[43],"we":[46],"have":[47],"designed":[48],"implemented":[50,98],"two":[51],"different":[52,69],"approaches.":[54],"According":[55],"their":[57,128],"disparate":[58],"assumption":[59],"data":[60],"these":[62],"implementations":[63],"one":[64],"obligated":[66],"estimate":[68],"car":[70],"models":[71],"in":[72,110,113,123,136],"milliseconds":[73],"(with":[74],"a":[75],"bit":[76],"less":[77],"emphasis":[78],"placed":[79],"on":[80],"its":[81,143],"accuracy)":[82],"while":[83],"other":[85,119],"aimed":[87],"first":[88],"all":[90],"reach":[92],"higher":[93],"classification":[94,133],"accuracy.":[95],"Both":[96],"approaches,":[100],"called":[101],"Real-Time":[102,140],"Visual":[104],"Content":[105],"Classification,":[106],"respectively,":[107],"are":[108,146],"described":[109],"this":[111],"paper":[112],"detail":[114],"with":[116,130],"reference":[117],"methods":[121],"presented":[122],"literature.":[125],"Analyses":[126],"performance":[129],"respect":[131],"accuracy":[134],"and,":[135],"case":[137],"approach,":[141],"response":[144],"time":[145],"also":[147],"presented,":[148],"discussed":[149],"finally":[151],"concluded.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}