{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990992848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-012-1194-x","title":"A comparison of contrast measurements in passive autofocus systems for low contrast images","display_name":"A comparison of contrast measurements in passive autofocus systems for low contrast images","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990992848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-012-1194-x","mag":"1990992848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-012-1194-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-012-1194-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696102","display_name":"Xin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0748-3669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677394","display_name":"Yinglin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-4237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinglin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113797205","display_name":"Xiaolong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4016-7362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073454216","display_name":"Shunxin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409053","display_name":"Xiaoming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-5607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333265","display_name":"Xiaofeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1845-4556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000177737","display_name":"Jinshan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-8534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinshan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100696102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78734541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"139","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9616000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofocus","display_name":"Autofocus","score":0.9124963879585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.8342593908309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6994761824607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unimodality","display_name":"Unimodality","score":0.6530173420906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5572799444198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5329371690750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44966191053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4413703680038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41292983293533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.399206280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3373872935771942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3279551565647125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3041038513183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2000456154346466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13118290901184082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103764139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210008","display_name":"Autofocus","level":3,"score":0.9124963879585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.8342593908309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6994761824607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21596040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2896771","display_name":"Unimodality","level":2,"score":0.6530173420906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5572799444198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5329371690750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44966191053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4413703680038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41292983293533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.399206280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3373872935771942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3279551565647125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3041038513183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2000456154346466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13118290901184082}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11042-012-1194-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-012-1194-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64870707","https://openalex.org/W1541960437","https://openalex.org/W1992034026","https://openalex.org/W1996556891","https://openalex.org/W1996615123","https://openalex.org/W1997632911","https://openalex.org/W2009234725","https://openalex.org/W2010644356","https://openalex.org/W2033200758","https://openalex.org/W2039608780","https://openalex.org/W2042018756","https://openalex.org/W2049617983","https://openalex.org/W2059599506","https://openalex.org/W2063178292","https://openalex.org/W2067469524","https://openalex.org/W2079162471","https://openalex.org/W2082087395","https://openalex.org/W2096258320","https://openalex.org/W2100218807","https://openalex.org/W2106551223","https://openalex.org/W2117806618","https://openalex.org/W2118086406","https://openalex.org/W2119028667","https://openalex.org/W2139331024","https://openalex.org/W2147126026","https://openalex.org/W2155395565","https://openalex.org/W2156291710","https://openalex.org/W2158325210","https://openalex.org/W2165131353","https://openalex.org/W2166607960","https://openalex.org/W2166774562","https://openalex.org/W4249911582","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4377942626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996556891","https://openalex.org/W2293735384","https://openalex.org/W2758592071","https://openalex.org/W2349849942","https://openalex.org/W2075738584","https://openalex.org/W3094590434","https://openalex.org/W2079188893","https://openalex.org/W3145652785","https://openalex.org/W2367442185","https://openalex.org/W1977989662"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
