{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409098754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6","title":"Detection for User Impersonation Attacks in Mobile Social Networks Based on High-order Markov Chains","display_name":"Detection for User Impersonation Attacks in Mobile Social Networks Based on High-order Markov Chains","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409098754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192894947","display_name":"Mobile Networks and Applications","issn_l":"1383-469X","issn":["1383-469X","1572-8153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Networks and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082061548","display_name":"Wenhui Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Nanchang Business College of JXAU, Nanchang, 332020, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Nanchang Business College of JXAU, Nanchang, 332020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825","https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101519939","display_name":"Yi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-8443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Nanchang Business College of JXAU, Nanchang, 332020, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Nanchang Business College of JXAU, Nanchang, 332020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825","https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057697626","display_name":"Youcef Djenouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-7450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801380234","display_name":"University of South-Eastern Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/05ecg5h20","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107808","display_name":"NORCE Research AS","ror":"https://ror.org/02gagpf75","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youcef Djenouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDEAS NCBR, Warsaw, Poland","Norwegian Research Center NORCE, Oslo, Norway","University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDEAS NCBR, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Research Center NORCE, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069796562","display_name":"Syed Atif Moqurrab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-1755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Atif Moqurrab","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057697626","https://openalex.org/A5069796562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453","https://openalex.org/I2801380234","https://openalex.org/I4210107808"],"apc_list":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"apc_paid":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05289539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.897544264793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.6550744771957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5407533645629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5272154808044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4147479236125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36313462257385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.0799720287322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.07669180631637573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.897544264793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.6550744771957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5407533645629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5272154808044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4147479236125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36313462257385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0799720287322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07669180631637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192894947","display_name":"Mobile Networks and Applications","issn_l":"1383-469X","issn":["1383-469X","1572-8153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Networks and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/626639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10547/626639","pdf_url":"https://uobrep.openrepository.com/bitstream/10547/626639/2/s11036-025-02449-6%281%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400178","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","host_organization_name":"University of Bedfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-025-02449-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192894947","display_name":"Mobile Networks and Applications","issn_l":"1383-469X","issn":["1383-469X","1572-8153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Networks and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039368130","https://openalex.org/W2891409239","https://openalex.org/W3129906935","https://openalex.org/W3175097489","https://openalex.org/W3185153723","https://openalex.org/W3208207617","https://openalex.org/W4200537136","https://openalex.org/W4214822609","https://openalex.org/W4220913006","https://openalex.org/W4226181227","https://openalex.org/W4249784850","https://openalex.org/W4252085685","https://openalex.org/W4281616420","https://openalex.org/W4283793177","https://openalex.org/W4309344204","https://openalex.org/W4317935163","https://openalex.org/W4379911277","https://openalex.org/W4385738140","https://openalex.org/W4390843145","https://openalex.org/W4391385372","https://openalex.org/W4393206198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1660242800","https://openalex.org/W2077211377","https://openalex.org/W1006270037","https://openalex.org/W3152686072","https://openalex.org/W3129238073","https://openalex.org/W2056274461","https://openalex.org/W162527578","https://openalex.org/W4399979669","https://openalex.org/W2517044585","https://openalex.org/W2139331289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"security":[2],"defense":[3],"of":[4,34,69,109,120,122,132,145],"MSN":[5,167],"(MSN),":[6],"attackers":[7],"often":[8],"impersonate":[9],"themselves":[10],"as":[11],"other":[12],"users,":[13],"making":[14],"it":[15],"difficult":[16],"to":[17,65,82,128],"detect":[18,166],"network":[19],"user":[20,24,35,48,87,168],"attacks":[21,156,170],"based":[22,53,115],"on":[23,54,116],"behavior.":[25],"Multi-order":[26],"Markov":[27,56,72,79,91,99],"chains":[28],"can":[29,165],"consider":[30],"the":[31,59,67,70,97,105,118,123,130,140,143,146,150],"front-to-back":[32],"correlation":[33],"behavior,":[36,88],"thereby":[37],"more":[38,158],"accurately":[39],"identifying":[40],"disguised":[41],"users.":[42],"Therefore,":[43],"this":[44,163],"paper":[45],"proposes":[46],"a":[47,89],"impersonation":[49,155,169],"attack":[50],"detection":[51,131],"method":[52,62,148,164],"multi-order":[55,71,78,90,98],"chains.":[57],"First,":[58],"relevance":[60],"coefficient":[61],"is":[63,93,112,126,157],"used":[64],"determine":[66],"order":[68],"chain,":[73],"and":[74,114,149],"by":[75],"defining":[76],"appropriate":[77],"chain":[80,92,100],"states":[81],"capture":[83],"key":[84],"features":[85],"in":[86,153],"established.":[94],"Then,":[95],"through":[96],"combined":[101],"with":[102,171],"Shell":[103],"commands,":[104],"normal":[106],"behavior":[107],"profile":[108],"legitimate":[110],"users":[111],"established,":[113],"this,":[117],"probability":[119],"occurrence":[121],"state":[124],"sequence":[125],"calculated":[127],"complete":[129],"userimpersonation":[133],"attacks.":[134],"The":[135],"experimental":[136],"results":[137,144],"show":[138],"that":[139,162],"similarity":[141],"between":[142],"proposed":[147],"actual":[151],"situation":[152],"detecting":[154],"than":[159],"97%,":[160],"indicating":[161],"high":[172],"accuracy.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}