{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048917427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8","title":"Deceptive Appearances: the Turing Test, Response-Dependence, and Intelligence as an Emotional Concept","display_name":"Deceptive Appearances: the Turing Test, Response-Dependence, and Intelligence as an Emotional Concept","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048917427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8","mag":"3048917427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101818008","display_name":"Michael Wheeler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-1215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Wheeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Law and Philosophy, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Law and Philosophy, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101818008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.454,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60294347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"513","last_page":"532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-test","display_name":"Turing test","score":0.9006887674331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing","display_name":"Turing","score":0.71012282371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.5706002712249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5524722933769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5244948267936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-mind","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","score":0.5050597786903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.4923790693283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4775013327598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-machine","display_name":"Turing machine","score":0.4217839241027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4072212874889374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3600393533706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3357299566268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3244470953941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.2581180930137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"Metaphysics","score":0.13792544603347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09893503785133362}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C577917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189223","display_name":"Turing test","level":2,"score":0.9006887674331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.71012282371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5706002712249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5524722933769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5244948267936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24726157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23407","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","level":3,"score":0.5050597786903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.4923790693283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4775013327598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29248071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163310","display_name":"Turing machine","level":3,"score":0.4217839241027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4072212874889374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3600393533706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3357299566268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3244470953941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2581180930137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.13792544603347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09893503785133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/31772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/31772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11023-020-09533-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048917427.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048917427.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78855793","https://openalex.org/W169424043","https://openalex.org/W1505911219","https://openalex.org/W1547668604","https://openalex.org/W1565634132","https://openalex.org/W1577564890","https://openalex.org/W1585299760","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2032148277","https://openalex.org/W2050026975","https://openalex.org/W2113235751","https://openalex.org/W2143080257","https://openalex.org/W2145482038","https://openalex.org/W2251410821","https://openalex.org/W2415738614","https://openalex.org/W3034280103","https://openalex.org/W4250791292","https://openalex.org/W6634088511","https://openalex.org/W6634504291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2531287006","https://openalex.org/W4243955206","https://openalex.org/W4220673763","https://openalex.org/W4401606958","https://openalex.org/W2037107578","https://openalex.org/W102057119","https://openalex.org/W2078814290","https://openalex.org/W1965227077","https://openalex.org/W2392422095","https://openalex.org/W4252425280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,84,112],"Turing":[2,139,194],"Test":[3],"is":[4,37,63,90,176,205,217,230],"routinely":[5],"understood":[6],"as":[7,222],"a":[8,179,184,208,213,234],"behaviourist":[9],"test":[10,89],"for":[11,26,59],"machine":[12],"intelligence.":[13],"Diane":[14],"Proudfoot":[15,134],"(Rethinking":[16],"Turing\u2019s":[17,33,172],"Test,":[18],"Journal":[19],"of":[20,48,86,119,144,150,156,174,198,225],"Philosophy":[21],",":[22,166],"2013)":[23],"has":[24],"argued":[25],"an":[27,73,81,223],"alternative":[28],"interpretation.":[29],"According":[30],"to":[31,80,92,98,147,168],"Proudfoot,":[32],"claim":[34,170],"that":[35,45,107,138,161,171,192,236],"intelligence":[36,49,175,199],"what":[38,121],"he":[39,46],"calls":[40],"\u2018an":[41],"emotional":[42],"concept\u2019":[43],"indicates":[44],"conceived":[47],"in":[50,68,72,96,164,178,200,207,233],"response-dependence":[51,201],"terms.":[52],"As":[53],"she":[54,162],"puts":[55],"it:":[56],"\u2018Turing\u2019s":[57],"criterion":[58],"\u201cthinking\u201d":[60],"is\u2026:":[61],"x":[62,77],"intelligent":[64,79],"(or":[65],"thinks)":[66],"if":[67],"the":[69,87,94,100,125,129,136,148,151,154,169,227,237],"actual":[70],"world,":[71],"unrestricted":[74],"computer-imitates-human":[75],"game,":[76],"appears":[78],"average":[82,101],"interrogator\u2019.":[83],"role":[85],"famous":[88],"thus":[91],"provide":[93],"conditions":[95],"which":[97],"examine":[99],"interrogator\u2019s":[102],"responses.":[103],"I":[104,122,189],"shall":[105,123,190],"argue":[106,191],"Proudfoot\u2019s":[108],"analysis":[109,159],"falls":[110],"short.":[111],"philosophical":[113],"literature":[114],"contains":[115],"two":[116],"main":[117],"models":[118,146],"response-dependence,":[120],"call":[124],"transparency":[126,180,214,228],"model":[127,229,239],"and":[128],"reference":[130],"-":[131],"fixing":[132],"model.":[133],"resists":[135],"thought":[137],"might":[140],"have":[141],"endorsed":[142],"one":[143],"these":[145],"exclusion":[149],"other.":[152],"But":[153],"details":[155],"her":[157],"own":[158],"indicate":[160],"is,":[163],"fact":[165],"committed":[167],"account":[173,204,224],"grounded":[177,206],"model,":[181,210],"rather":[182,211],"than":[183,212],"reference-fixing":[185,209,238],"one.":[186,215],"By":[187],"contrast,":[188],"while":[193],"did":[195],"indeed":[196],"conceive":[197],"terms,":[202],"his":[203],"This":[216],"fortunate":[218],"(for":[219],"Turing),":[220],"because,":[221],"intelligence,":[226],"arguably":[231],"problematic":[232],"way":[235],"isn\u2019t.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
