{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979395074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x","title":"The Development of Human Expertise in a Complex Environment","display_name":"The Development of Human Expertise in a Complex Environment","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979395074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x","mag":"1979395074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001069613","display_name":"Michael Harr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-2515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Harr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111634442","display_name":"Terry Bossomaier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Bossomaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia","Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109244099","display_name":"Allan W. Snyder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan Snyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001069613"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82870119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"449","last_page":"464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.7537069320678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-mind","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","score":0.6944461464881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.5361563563346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.486145943403244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3891962170600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.38507428765296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30158478021621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.23280391097068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"Metaphysics","score":0.09544724225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09158006310462952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.7537069320678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24726157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23407","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","level":3,"score":0.6944461464881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.5361563563346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.486145943403244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3891962170600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.38507428765296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30158478021621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.23280391097068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.09544724225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09158006310462952}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9247-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W568404221","https://openalex.org/W649580272","https://openalex.org/W1489027142","https://openalex.org/W1963547174","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1966089223","https://openalex.org/W1974428454","https://openalex.org/W1978603066","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2000177317","https://openalex.org/W2014151618","https://openalex.org/W2025264833","https://openalex.org/W2040943120","https://openalex.org/W2057671595","https://openalex.org/W2059561651","https://openalex.org/W2063026846","https://openalex.org/W2064372292","https://openalex.org/W2067211778","https://openalex.org/W2069099927","https://openalex.org/W2078941260","https://openalex.org/W2082846415","https://openalex.org/W2090242791","https://openalex.org/W2091785129","https://openalex.org/W2093016541","https://openalex.org/W2096843247","https://openalex.org/W2117211119","https://openalex.org/W2123803218","https://openalex.org/W2135129960","https://openalex.org/W2137247190","https://openalex.org/W2145735709","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2147340220","https://openalex.org/W2156361796","https://openalex.org/W2161968596","https://openalex.org/W2167198292","https://openalex.org/W2171680637","https://openalex.org/W2222016200","https://openalex.org/W2283673701","https://openalex.org/W2911296969","https://openalex.org/W3125610211","https://openalex.org/W4250389239","https://openalex.org/W4293107490","https://openalex.org/W6680248192","https://openalex.org/W6683872943","https://openalex.org/W7071872813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2531287006","https://openalex.org/W4220673763","https://openalex.org/W2037107578","https://openalex.org/W2078814290","https://openalex.org/W1965227077","https://openalex.org/W2052861746","https://openalex.org/W2043402388","https://openalex.org/W2100605390","https://openalex.org/W2953698770","https://openalex.org/W109703496"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}